Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography Chapter 1 study guide
1. Define radiation: transfer of energy from one location to another
2. Define ions: an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or
gain of one or more electrons.
3. Ionizing radiation: radiation that produces positively and negatively charged
particles (ions) when passing through matter
4. The production of these ions is the event that may cause . . .: injury in
normal biologic tissue
5. Properties of Xray: - Invisible
- Varying degrees of penetration
- Cannot be deflected, Electrically neutral
- Cannot be refocused
- Travel in straight lines at the speed of light
- When passing matter, x-rays will produce fluorescence
- Xray beams have a wide range of energies
- Will darken photographic film
6. Consequences of Ionizations in Human Cells: - Creation of unstable atoms
- Production of free electrons
- Production of low-energy x-ray photons
- Creation of highly reactive free molecules capable of producing poison to cell
- Injury to the cell that may manifest itself as an abnormal function or loss of
function
7. Team Concept in the medical field: - Team approach to patient care
- Team includes many allied health
professionals - Communication is important 8.
Glass envelope:
9. Radiant energy is: emitted from the x-ray tube in the form of waves (or particles)
10. The goal of modern radiation protection programs is twofold:: to protect
persons from both short-term and long term effects
11. Radiation protection: effective measures employed by radiation workers to
safeguard patients, personnel, and the general public from unnecessary
exposure to ionizing radiation
12. Three main radiation quantities to consider:: - Exposure
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, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography Chapter 1 study guide
- Absorbed dose
- Effective dose
13. Exposure: the amount of ionization produced in air when ionizing radiation is
present
14. Exposure is measured in: Coulombs per kilogram (C/kg)
15 Historically, exposure was measured in: milliroentgens (mR), a subunit of
the roentgen
16. A milliroentgen is equal to ______ of a roentgen: 1/1000
17. Absorbed is the: amount of energy that is deposited in a material per unit
mass of the material
18. Absorbed dose is measured in: milligray (mGy), a subunit of gray (Gy)
19. Effective dose is an: attempt to provide a quantity that is a measure of
general harm in humans. Best overall measure of the biologic effects of
ionizing radiation. 20. Effective dose is measured in: millisievert (mSv), a
subunit of the sievert (Sv)
21. Biologic effects: living tissue can be damaged by exposure to ionizing radiation
22. Diagnostic efficacy is the degree to which: the diagnostic study accurately
reveals the presence or absence of disease in the patient, while adhering to
radiation safety guidelines
23. ALARA is synonymous with: ORP (Optimization for Radiation Protection)
24. Three cardinal principles of radiation protection:: Time
Distance
Shielding
25. To reduce the exposure to the patient:: - Reduce the amount of xray
"beam-on" time
- Use as much distance as warranted between the tube & patient
- Shielding devices
26. Risk is the: possibility of inducing adverse biologic effects, such as injury to
the skin or induction of cancer or genetic defect after irradiation
27. Background Equivalent Radiation Time (BERT): Method to compare the
amount of radiation received from a radiologic procedure with natural
background radiation received over a specified period of time such as days,
weeks, months, or years.
28. BERT is based on the annual US population exposure of approximately
________ per year?: 3 msv
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1. Define radiation: transfer of energy from one location to another
2. Define ions: an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or
gain of one or more electrons.
3. Ionizing radiation: radiation that produces positively and negatively charged
particles (ions) when passing through matter
4. The production of these ions is the event that may cause . . .: injury in
normal biologic tissue
5. Properties of Xray: - Invisible
- Varying degrees of penetration
- Cannot be deflected, Electrically neutral
- Cannot be refocused
- Travel in straight lines at the speed of light
- When passing matter, x-rays will produce fluorescence
- Xray beams have a wide range of energies
- Will darken photographic film
6. Consequences of Ionizations in Human Cells: - Creation of unstable atoms
- Production of free electrons
- Production of low-energy x-ray photons
- Creation of highly reactive free molecules capable of producing poison to cell
- Injury to the cell that may manifest itself as an abnormal function or loss of
function
7. Team Concept in the medical field: - Team approach to patient care
- Team includes many allied health
professionals - Communication is important 8.
Glass envelope:
9. Radiant energy is: emitted from the x-ray tube in the form of waves (or particles)
10. The goal of modern radiation protection programs is twofold:: to protect
persons from both short-term and long term effects
11. Radiation protection: effective measures employed by radiation workers to
safeguard patients, personnel, and the general public from unnecessary
exposure to ionizing radiation
12. Three main radiation quantities to consider:: - Exposure
1/7
, Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography Chapter 1 study guide
- Absorbed dose
- Effective dose
13. Exposure: the amount of ionization produced in air when ionizing radiation is
present
14. Exposure is measured in: Coulombs per kilogram (C/kg)
15 Historically, exposure was measured in: milliroentgens (mR), a subunit of
the roentgen
16. A milliroentgen is equal to ______ of a roentgen: 1/1000
17. Absorbed is the: amount of energy that is deposited in a material per unit
mass of the material
18. Absorbed dose is measured in: milligray (mGy), a subunit of gray (Gy)
19. Effective dose is an: attempt to provide a quantity that is a measure of
general harm in humans. Best overall measure of the biologic effects of
ionizing radiation. 20. Effective dose is measured in: millisievert (mSv), a
subunit of the sievert (Sv)
21. Biologic effects: living tissue can be damaged by exposure to ionizing radiation
22. Diagnostic efficacy is the degree to which: the diagnostic study accurately
reveals the presence or absence of disease in the patient, while adhering to
radiation safety guidelines
23. ALARA is synonymous with: ORP (Optimization for Radiation Protection)
24. Three cardinal principles of radiation protection:: Time
Distance
Shielding
25. To reduce the exposure to the patient:: - Reduce the amount of xray
"beam-on" time
- Use as much distance as warranted between the tube & patient
- Shielding devices
26. Risk is the: possibility of inducing adverse biologic effects, such as injury to
the skin or induction of cancer or genetic defect after irradiation
27. Background Equivalent Radiation Time (BERT): Method to compare the
amount of radiation received from a radiologic procedure with natural
background radiation received over a specified period of time such as days,
weeks, months, or years.
28. BERT is based on the annual US population exposure of approximately
________ per year?: 3 msv
2/7
