Test Bank - Applied Pharmacology for the Dental Hygienist 9th Edition by Elena Bablenis Haveles

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Chapter 02: Drug Action and Handling
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Haveles: Applied Pharmacology for the Dental Hygienist, 8th Edition
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MULTIPLEpCHOICE

1. Apdrugpispdefinedpaspapbiologicallypactivepsubstancepthatpcanpmodify
a. thepenvironment.
b. theppHpofptissue.
c. cellularpfunction.
d. immunepresponse.
ANS:p C
Apdrugpcanpmodifypcellularpfunction.pApgeneralpunderstandingpofpdrugpactionpallowspthepdentalph
ygienistptopmakepinformedpdecisionspregardingppossiblepdrugpinteractionsporpadversepreactionspfo
rptheppatient.pItpispapconcernpthatpdiscardedpdrugspmaypbepaffectingpthepenvironment,pbutpthispispn
otpthepdefinitionpofpapdrug.pSomepdrugspmayphavepthepcapacityptopmodifypbodypcompartmentppH;
phowever,pthispispnotpthepdefinitionpforpapdrug.pSomepdrugspmayphavepthepcapacityptopmodifypthepi

mmunepresponse,pbutpthispispnotpthepdefinitionpofpapdrug.

DIF: Recall REF:p Introductionp|pp.p11
OBJ:p 1pTOP:p NBDHE,p6.0.pPharmacology

2. Inpcomparingptwopdrugs,pthepdose-responsepcurvepforpthepdrugpthatpispmorepefficaciouspwould
a. bepcloserptopthepy-axis.
b. bepfartherpfrompthepy-axis.
c. havepapgreaterpcurvepheight.
d. havepaphigherpmedianpeffectivepdosep(ED50).

ANS:p C
Efficacypispanpexpressionpofpmaximumpintensitypofpeffectporpresponsepthatpcanpbepproducedpbypap
drug.pThepotherpchoicespreferptopindicatorspofpdrugppotency,pnotpefficacy.pTheppotencypofpapdrugp
ispapfunctionpofpthepamountpofpdrugprequiredptopproducepanpeffect.pTheppotencypofpdrugpispshownp
byptheplocationpofpthatpdrug’spcurvepalongptheplog-dosepaxisp(x-axis).

DIF: Comprehension
REF:p CharacterizationpofpDrugpActionp(Efficacy)p|pp.p11pOBJ:p 1
TOP:p NBDHE,p6.0.pPharmacology

3. Administeringpapdrugpofpgreaterppotencypispbetterpbecausepdrugspofpgreaterppotencypdopnotpr
equirepasphighpapdose.
a. Bothppartspofpthepstatementpareptrue.
b. Bothppartspofpthepstatementparepfalse.
c. Thepfirstppartpofpthepstatementpisptrue;pthepsecondppartpispfalse.
d. Thepfirstppartpofpthepstatementpispfalse;pthepsecondppartpisptrue.

ANS:p D




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nist 8th Edition Haveles
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Thepfirstppartpofpthepstatementpispfalse,pthepsecondppartpisptrue.pThepabsoluteppotencypofpapdrugpisp
immaterialpasplongpaspthepappropriatepdosepispadministered.pIfpequallypefficacious,pbothpdrugspw
illpproducepthepsamepeffect.pBothpmeperidinepandpmorphine,pforpexample,phavepthepabilityptoptre
atpsevereppain,pbutpapproximatelyp100pmgpofpmeperidinepwouldpbeprequiredptopproducepthepsam
epactionpasp10pmgpofpmorphine.pThepdosepofpmeperidinepneededptopproduceppainpreliefpisplargerpt
hanpthatpforpmorphine.pLessppotentpdrugsprequirephigherpdosesptopproduceptherapeuticpeffectspwh
ereaspmoreppotentpdrugspcanpreachptoxicplevelspatplowerpdoses.

DIF: Application
REF:p CharacterizationpofpDrugpActionp(Potency)p|pp.p11pOBJ:p 1
TOP:p NBDHE,p6.0.pPharmacology

4. Whichpofpthepfollowingpstatementspisptruepregardingptheptherapeuticpindexp(TI)pofpapdrug?
a. ApdrugpwithpaplargepTIpispmorepdangerouspthanpapdrugpwithpapsmallpTI.
b. ThepformulapforpTIpispED50/LD50.
c. ED50p isp50%pofpthepeffectivepclinicalpdose.
d. TIpispthepratiopofpthepmedianplethalpdoseptopthepmedianpeffectivepdose.
ANS:p D
LD50p ispthepdosepcausingpdeathpinp50%pofptestpanimalspandpED50pispthepdoseprequiredptopproduc
epthepdesiredpclinicalpeffectpinp50%pofptestpanimals.pThepgreaterpthepTI,pthepsaferpthepdrug.pThepfo
rmulapispTIp=pLD50/ED50.pThepED50p ispthepdoseprequiredptopproducepthepdesiredpclinicalpeffectpinp
50%pofptestpanimals,pnotp50%pofpthepeffectivepclinicalpdose.

DIF: Comprehension
REF:p CharacterizationpofpDrugpActionp(TherapeuticpIndex)p|pp.p12p
OBJ:p 1 TOP:p NBDHE,p6.0.pPharmacology

5. Whichpofpthepfollowingpstatementspisptruepconcerningpthepmechanismpofpactionpofpdrugs?
a. Drugsparepcapablepofpimpartingpapnewpfunctionptoptheporganism.
b. Drugspeitherpproducepthepsamepactionpaspanpexogenouspagentporpblockpthepactionpofpa
npexogenouspagent.
c. Drugspeitherpproducepthepsamepactionpaspanpexogenouspagentporpblockpthepactionpofpa
npendogenouspagent.
d. Drugspeitherpproducepthepsamepactionpaspanpendogenouspagentporpblockpthepactionpo
fpanpendogenouspagent.
ANS:p D
Drugspeitherpproducepthepsamepactionpaspanpendogenouspagentporpblockpthepactionpofpanpendogeno
uspagent.pDrugspdopnotpimpartpapnewpfunctionptoptheporganism;ptheypmerelypeitherpproducepthepsa
mepactionpaspanpendogenouspagentporpblockpthepactionpofpanpendogenouspagent.

DIF: Comprehension
REF:p MechanismpofpActionpofpDrugsp|pp.p12p&p13pOBJ:p 2
TOP:p NBDHE,p6.0.pPharmacology

6. Whenpdifferentpdrugspcompetepforpthepsamepreceptorpsites,pthepdrugpwithpthepstrongerpaffinitypf
orpthepreceptorpwillpbindpto
a. morepreceptorspthanpthepdrugpwithpthepweakerpaffinity.
b. fewerpreceptorspthanpthepdrugpwithpthepweakerpaffinity.
c. allpofpthepavailablepreceptors.
d. nonepofpthepavailablepreceptors.

ANS:p A

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Whenpdifferentpdrugspcompetepforpthepsamepreceptorpsites,pthepdrugpwithpthepstrongerpaffinitypfor
pthepreceptorpwillpbindptopmorepreceptorspthanpthepdrugpwithpthepweakerpaffinity.pMorepofpthepdrug

pwithpweakerpaffinitypwillpbeprequiredptopproducepappharmacologicpresponse.pDrugspwithpapstron

gerpaffinitypforpreceptorpsitesparepmoreppotentpthanpdrugspwithpweakerpaffinitiespforpthepsamepsite
.

DIF: Recall
REF:p MechanismpofpActionpofpDrugsp(Receptors)p|pp.p13pOBJ:p 2
TOP:p NBDHE,p6.0.pPharmacology

7. Whenpapdrugphaspaffinitypforpapreceptorpandpproducespnopeffect,pitpispcalledpa(n)
a. agonist.
b. competitivepantagonist.
c. competitivepagonist.
d. physiologicpagonist.
ANS:p B
Apcompetitivepantagonistphaspaffinitypforpapreceptor,pcombinespwithpthepreceptor,pcompetespwit
hpthepagonistpforpthepreceptor,pandpproducespnopeffect.pAnpagonistphaspaffinitypforpapreceptor,pco
mbinespwithpthepreceptor,pandpproducespanpeffect.pCompetitivepagonistpispnonsensicalpterminolo
gy.pApphysiologicpantagonistphaspaffinitypforpapsitepdifferentpfrompthatpofpthepagonistpinpquestion.

DIF: Recall
REF:p MechanismpofpActionpofpDrugsp(Receptorsp[AgonistspandpAntagonists])p|pp.p13p
OBJ:p 2 TOP:p NBDHE,p6.0.pPharmacology

8. Apnoncompetitivepantagonist
a. bindsptopthepsamepreceptorpsitepaspthepbindingpsitepforpthepagonist.
b. causespapshiftptoptheprightpinpthepdose-responsepcurve.
c. enhancespthepmaximalpresponsepofpthepagonist.
d. reducespthepmaximalpresponsepofpthepagonist.
ANS:p D
Apnoncompetitivepantagonistpreducespthepmaximalpresponsepofpthepagonist.pNoncompetitivepantag
onistspbindptopapreceptorpsitepthatpispdifferentpfrompthepbindingpsitepforpthepagonist.pApcompetitivep
antagonistpwillpcausepapshiftptoptheprightpinpthepdose-responsepcurve.

DIF: Recall
REF:p MechanismpofpActionpofpDrugsp(Receptorsp[AgonistspandpAntagonists])p|pp.p13p
OBJ:p 2 TOP:p NBDHE,p6.0.pPharmacology

9. Whichpofpthepfollowingpispnotpapsubjectpofppharmacokinetics?
a. Physiologicpactionpofpdrugs
b. Metabolismpofpdrugs
c. Eliminationpofpdrugs
d. Absorptionpofpdrugs
ANS:p A
Thepphysiologicpactionpofpdrugspispapsubjectpofppharmacology,pnotppharmacokinetics.pPharmac
okineticspdoesphaveptopdopwithpthepsubjectspofpabsorption,pdistribution,pmetabolism,pandpexcreti
onpofpdrugs.




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