2024/25|MATERIAL PHARMACOLOGY PRINCIPLES NUR 210 EXAM
1|2024-2025 latest version|Comprehensive questions and verified
answers/accurate solutions|Already graded A+
1. drug response: the intensity of the drug response is directly related to the concentration of the drug at the SITE OF ACTION
Goal is to:
- maximize the beneficial effects- concentration high enough for desired response
- minimize harm- avoid to high a concentration
2. Three phases of drug action: 1. pharmaceutic phase (dissolution)
2. pharmacokinetic phase (drug moving through the body)
3. pharmacodynamic phase (what the drug does to the body)
3. 1. pharmaceutic phase: the drug goes into solution
- Dissolution: the process by which a drug goes into solution and becomes available for absorption
- must be dissolved before it can be absorbed
- most absorption takes place in the small intestine
4. 2. pharmacokinetic phase: four processes: "what the BODY does to the drug" - absorption
- distribution
- metabolism/ biotransformation
- exertion
5. pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption: (small intestine) the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the
blood
6. pharmacokinetic phase: Distribution: drug moves from blood --> cell membrane
7. pharmacokinetic phase: Metabolism/biotransformation: lipid soluble metabolite (liver) --> a water soluble
metabolite
8. pharmacokinetic phase: Excretion: water soluble metabolite (kidneys)
9. liver: breaks down the drug
10. kidneys: excretes the drug
11. Pharmacokinetic phase movement process: orally --> stomach --> SI --> bloodstream --> site of action --> liver
(broken down) --> kidneys (excreted)
, 2024/25|MATERIAL PHARMACOLOGY PRINCIPLES NUR 210 EXAM
1|2024-2025 latest version|Comprehensive questions and verified
answers/accurate solutions|Already graded A+
IV --> bloodstream --> cite of action --> liver --> kidneys
12. drugs crossing the cell membranes phospholipid cell layer: -drugs must be
LIPID SOLUBLE in order to pass through the membrane
- WATER SOLUBLE drugs penetrate the cell membrane through channels and pores 13. Absorption
1. direct penetration of the membranes
2. channels and pores
3. transport systems: the movement of a drug from its site of administration to the blood
How do drugs cross membranes?
14. 1. Direct penetration of the membranes: - use by MOST drugs
- most drugs to large to pass thru channels and pores
- most drugs lack transport systems
- drugs must be lipid soluble to be able to penetrate cellular membranes = lipophilic drugs
15. 2. channels and pores: only very small ions such as potassium and sodium can pass through cell membranes
16. 3. transport systems: - are carriers that can move drugs from one side of the membrane to the other - are selective
17. Movement of drugs across membranes: -drugs must cross membranes (pass through cells) to enter the blood from
their site of administration
- drugs must then leave the blood (vascular systems) to get to their SITE OF ACTION
- drugs must then cross membranes again to be metabolized and excreted
18. pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption: process that occurs between the time a drug enters the body and the time it enters
the bloodstream to be circulated
- Rate of absorption -> depends on the formulation of drug (tablet, liquid, etc.)
- Amount of absorption -> how effective drug will be absorbed
Major determinants of rate of absorption:
- blood flow -> higher blood flow, the faster the drug is absorbed
1|2024-2025 latest version|Comprehensive questions and verified
answers/accurate solutions|Already graded A+
1. drug response: the intensity of the drug response is directly related to the concentration of the drug at the SITE OF ACTION
Goal is to:
- maximize the beneficial effects- concentration high enough for desired response
- minimize harm- avoid to high a concentration
2. Three phases of drug action: 1. pharmaceutic phase (dissolution)
2. pharmacokinetic phase (drug moving through the body)
3. pharmacodynamic phase (what the drug does to the body)
3. 1. pharmaceutic phase: the drug goes into solution
- Dissolution: the process by which a drug goes into solution and becomes available for absorption
- must be dissolved before it can be absorbed
- most absorption takes place in the small intestine
4. 2. pharmacokinetic phase: four processes: "what the BODY does to the drug" - absorption
- distribution
- metabolism/ biotransformation
- exertion
5. pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption: (small intestine) the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the
blood
6. pharmacokinetic phase: Distribution: drug moves from blood --> cell membrane
7. pharmacokinetic phase: Metabolism/biotransformation: lipid soluble metabolite (liver) --> a water soluble
metabolite
8. pharmacokinetic phase: Excretion: water soluble metabolite (kidneys)
9. liver: breaks down the drug
10. kidneys: excretes the drug
11. Pharmacokinetic phase movement process: orally --> stomach --> SI --> bloodstream --> site of action --> liver
(broken down) --> kidneys (excreted)
, 2024/25|MATERIAL PHARMACOLOGY PRINCIPLES NUR 210 EXAM
1|2024-2025 latest version|Comprehensive questions and verified
answers/accurate solutions|Already graded A+
IV --> bloodstream --> cite of action --> liver --> kidneys
12. drugs crossing the cell membranes phospholipid cell layer: -drugs must be
LIPID SOLUBLE in order to pass through the membrane
- WATER SOLUBLE drugs penetrate the cell membrane through channels and pores 13. Absorption
1. direct penetration of the membranes
2. channels and pores
3. transport systems: the movement of a drug from its site of administration to the blood
How do drugs cross membranes?
14. 1. Direct penetration of the membranes: - use by MOST drugs
- most drugs to large to pass thru channels and pores
- most drugs lack transport systems
- drugs must be lipid soluble to be able to penetrate cellular membranes = lipophilic drugs
15. 2. channels and pores: only very small ions such as potassium and sodium can pass through cell membranes
16. 3. transport systems: - are carriers that can move drugs from one side of the membrane to the other - are selective
17. Movement of drugs across membranes: -drugs must cross membranes (pass through cells) to enter the blood from
their site of administration
- drugs must then leave the blood (vascular systems) to get to their SITE OF ACTION
- drugs must then cross membranes again to be metabolized and excreted
18. pharmacokinetic phase: Absorption: process that occurs between the time a drug enters the body and the time it enters
the bloodstream to be circulated
- Rate of absorption -> depends on the formulation of drug (tablet, liquid, etc.)
- Amount of absorption -> how effective drug will be absorbed
Major determinants of rate of absorption:
- blood flow -> higher blood flow, the faster the drug is absorbed
