THE HUMAN BODY IN HEALTH AND
ILLNESS 7TH EDITION TEST BANK BY
BARBARA HERLIHY, ALL CHAPTERS
INCLUDED 2025 LATEST NEWEST
UPDATE WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES (100%
CORRECT) //BRAND NEW!! /ALREADY
GRADED A+ WITH GUARANTEED
SUCCESS AFTER DOWNLOAD (ALL
YOU NEED TO PASS YOUR EXAMS
Chapter 01: Introduction to the Human Body
Herlihy: The Human Body in Health and Illness, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Ribosomes fixed to the ER, making it appear rough; concerned with the synthesis of protein that is exported
Lysosomes
Intracellular house cleaning, phagocytosis, removal of damaged organelles
Cytoskeleton
Microfilaments and microtubules that provide for intracellular shape, support, and movement
Centrioles
Paired, short, rod-shaped microtubules that form spindles and help separate the chromosomes during mitosis
Inclusion bodies
, Temporary insoluble material such as glycogen granules and pigments such as melanin
Diffusion
Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Facilitated diffusion
Helper molecule within the membrane assists movement of substances from area of high concentration to area of
low concentration
Osmosis
Diffusion of water (solvent) from an area with more water to an area with less water; the water compartments are
separated by a semipermeable membrane
Filtration
The pushing of water and dissolved substances from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure; the
water and dissolved substances are pushed
Active transport pump
Moves a substance uphill (from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration); requires an input
of energy (adenosine triphosphate)
Endocytosis
Taking in or ingestion of a substances by the cell membrane
Phagocytosis
Engulfing of solid particles by the cell membrane (cellular eating)
Pinocytosis
Engulfing of liquid droplets (cellular drinking)
Exocytsois
Secretion of cellular products (e.g., protein, debris) out of the cell
Tonicity
is the ability of the concentration of a solution to affect the volume and pressure within a cell.
Isotonic Solution
has the same concentration as intracellular fluid (iso means "same"). Consider an RBC placed in an isotonic
solution. Because the solution is isotonic, no net movement of water occurs; the cell neither gains nor loses
water.
Hypotonic Solution
A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution
Hypertonic Solutions
those with higher solute concentrations and lower water concentrations; solutions that cause cells to shrink or
shrivel due to loss of water
Cells
They are specialized, they are basic (structural and functional) units of living matter
Cell structures
reflect their specialized functions (ex: RBC's round, disk, Frisbee shape to flow in blood vessels)
Cell membrane-
Also known as the Plasma membrane
made of phospholipids & protein
◦Encases cell (holds cell together)
◦Regulates what enters and leaves the cell (intracellular-inside cell, extracellular-outside the cell)
◦Semipermeable/selectively permeable membrane chooses substance allowed to cross
◦Provide structural support
, ◦Binding sites for hormones
◦Poke holes/pores through lipid membranes(water & dissolved substances flow)
Substances move across:
1.)dissolve in lipid portion of membrane(like O2)
2.)Flow through pores (water & saline/sodium chloride)-water soluble
Lipid soluble-capability of substance to dissolve in lipids
Water soluble-able to dissolve in water
Nucleus-
◦Most adult RBC's/one nucleus, mature RBC's/no nucleus)
◦Controls the workings of the entire cell(all protein synthesis-process in which genetic code puts proteins
together through RNA, transfer RNA & messenger RNA)
◦Is surrounded by double-layered nuclear membrane
Contains genetics in the cell and protein synthesis
filled with nucleoplasm
◦Nuclear membrane-
free movement between nucleus and cytoplasm
contain large pores
◦Found inside the nucleus
Nucleoplasm:
Nucleolus:
Chromatin:
Nucleoplasm:
Gel-like substance fluid contains nucleolus & chromatin
Nucleolus
1.)Involved in synthesis of ribosomes(move through nuclear pores into cytoplasm) 2.) produces nucleotide for
protein synthesis 3) Control center of the cell; stores genetic information
Cilia
Hairlike projections that move substances across surface of cell membrane
Flagellum
Single long hair for swimming movement of the sperm
Microvilli
Accordion-like folds in the membrane; increase transport of water and dissolved solute
Chromatin
Threadlike structures in the nondividing cell that contain DNA; chromatin threads form chromosomes in a
dividing cell
Nucleolus
Synthesizes RNA and ribosomes
Nucleoplasm
Gel in the nucleus
Nuclear membrane
Separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Gel located inside the cell but outside the nucleus
Cytosol
, Medium composed of water and dissolved solute; organelles suspended in the cytosol
Organelles
Tiny organs suspended in the cytosol
Mitochondria
Site of adenosine triphosphate production; "power plants" of the cell
◦Two layers
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Membranes that form channels for the flow of cellular substances such as proteins
Rough ER
Contains ribosomes where protein is synthesized
Smooth ER
Site of lipid and steroid synthesis; synthesis of glycogen in liver and skeletal muscle
Golgi apparatus
Finishes and packages protein for export
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Free Ribosomes
Ribosomes that float within the cytosol; make protein used within the cell
Fixed Ribosomes
Chromatin:
Threadlike structure that contains genes(DNA-carrier of genetic code)
Non dividing cells-look like tangled fine filaments
Dividing cells-tightly coiled strands form chromosomes
}Cytoplasm:
A gel-like substance found inside the cell but outside the nucleus.
Composed of cytosol and Organelles
Mitochondrion
an organelle containing enzymes responsible for producing energy
Smooth outer layer
Folds (cristae) in inner layer
}Ribosomes
◦Sites of protein synthesis(every cell makes protein)
◦Fixed to ER and free ribosomes
Fixed ribosomes-synthesis of exportable protein/secreted by cell for use in other areas
When not used, it is used to provide energy or turned into fat
}Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
◦Network of membranes in cytosol-form channels where synthesized protein move
◦Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER): Fixed ribosomes on surface-protein synthesis then to golgi apparatus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER): No ribosomes; site of lipid, steroid, glycerides(fatty acid) & glycogen
stored in skeletal muscle and liver cells
}Golgi apparatus
◦Flattened membranous sacs
◦Puts finishing touches on protein after synthesis on RER
ILLNESS 7TH EDITION TEST BANK BY
BARBARA HERLIHY, ALL CHAPTERS
INCLUDED 2025 LATEST NEWEST
UPDATE WITH ACTUAL QUESTIONS
AND DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
WITH RATIONALES (100%
CORRECT) //BRAND NEW!! /ALREADY
GRADED A+ WITH GUARANTEED
SUCCESS AFTER DOWNLOAD (ALL
YOU NEED TO PASS YOUR EXAMS
Chapter 01: Introduction to the Human Body
Herlihy: The Human Body in Health and Illness, 7th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Ribosomes fixed to the ER, making it appear rough; concerned with the synthesis of protein that is exported
Lysosomes
Intracellular house cleaning, phagocytosis, removal of damaged organelles
Cytoskeleton
Microfilaments and microtubules that provide for intracellular shape, support, and movement
Centrioles
Paired, short, rod-shaped microtubules that form spindles and help separate the chromosomes during mitosis
Inclusion bodies
, Temporary insoluble material such as glycogen granules and pigments such as melanin
Diffusion
Movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Facilitated diffusion
Helper molecule within the membrane assists movement of substances from area of high concentration to area of
low concentration
Osmosis
Diffusion of water (solvent) from an area with more water to an area with less water; the water compartments are
separated by a semipermeable membrane
Filtration
The pushing of water and dissolved substances from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure; the
water and dissolved substances are pushed
Active transport pump
Moves a substance uphill (from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration); requires an input
of energy (adenosine triphosphate)
Endocytosis
Taking in or ingestion of a substances by the cell membrane
Phagocytosis
Engulfing of solid particles by the cell membrane (cellular eating)
Pinocytosis
Engulfing of liquid droplets (cellular drinking)
Exocytsois
Secretion of cellular products (e.g., protein, debris) out of the cell
Tonicity
is the ability of the concentration of a solution to affect the volume and pressure within a cell.
Isotonic Solution
has the same concentration as intracellular fluid (iso means "same"). Consider an RBC placed in an isotonic
solution. Because the solution is isotonic, no net movement of water occurs; the cell neither gains nor loses
water.
Hypotonic Solution
A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution
Hypertonic Solutions
those with higher solute concentrations and lower water concentrations; solutions that cause cells to shrink or
shrivel due to loss of water
Cells
They are specialized, they are basic (structural and functional) units of living matter
Cell structures
reflect their specialized functions (ex: RBC's round, disk, Frisbee shape to flow in blood vessels)
Cell membrane-
Also known as the Plasma membrane
made of phospholipids & protein
◦Encases cell (holds cell together)
◦Regulates what enters and leaves the cell (intracellular-inside cell, extracellular-outside the cell)
◦Semipermeable/selectively permeable membrane chooses substance allowed to cross
◦Provide structural support
, ◦Binding sites for hormones
◦Poke holes/pores through lipid membranes(water & dissolved substances flow)
Substances move across:
1.)dissolve in lipid portion of membrane(like O2)
2.)Flow through pores (water & saline/sodium chloride)-water soluble
Lipid soluble-capability of substance to dissolve in lipids
Water soluble-able to dissolve in water
Nucleus-
◦Most adult RBC's/one nucleus, mature RBC's/no nucleus)
◦Controls the workings of the entire cell(all protein synthesis-process in which genetic code puts proteins
together through RNA, transfer RNA & messenger RNA)
◦Is surrounded by double-layered nuclear membrane
Contains genetics in the cell and protein synthesis
filled with nucleoplasm
◦Nuclear membrane-
free movement between nucleus and cytoplasm
contain large pores
◦Found inside the nucleus
Nucleoplasm:
Nucleolus:
Chromatin:
Nucleoplasm:
Gel-like substance fluid contains nucleolus & chromatin
Nucleolus
1.)Involved in synthesis of ribosomes(move through nuclear pores into cytoplasm) 2.) produces nucleotide for
protein synthesis 3) Control center of the cell; stores genetic information
Cilia
Hairlike projections that move substances across surface of cell membrane
Flagellum
Single long hair for swimming movement of the sperm
Microvilli
Accordion-like folds in the membrane; increase transport of water and dissolved solute
Chromatin
Threadlike structures in the nondividing cell that contain DNA; chromatin threads form chromosomes in a
dividing cell
Nucleolus
Synthesizes RNA and ribosomes
Nucleoplasm
Gel in the nucleus
Nuclear membrane
Separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Gel located inside the cell but outside the nucleus
Cytosol
, Medium composed of water and dissolved solute; organelles suspended in the cytosol
Organelles
Tiny organs suspended in the cytosol
Mitochondria
Site of adenosine triphosphate production; "power plants" of the cell
◦Two layers
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Membranes that form channels for the flow of cellular substances such as proteins
Rough ER
Contains ribosomes where protein is synthesized
Smooth ER
Site of lipid and steroid synthesis; synthesis of glycogen in liver and skeletal muscle
Golgi apparatus
Finishes and packages protein for export
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Free Ribosomes
Ribosomes that float within the cytosol; make protein used within the cell
Fixed Ribosomes
Chromatin:
Threadlike structure that contains genes(DNA-carrier of genetic code)
Non dividing cells-look like tangled fine filaments
Dividing cells-tightly coiled strands form chromosomes
}Cytoplasm:
A gel-like substance found inside the cell but outside the nucleus.
Composed of cytosol and Organelles
Mitochondrion
an organelle containing enzymes responsible for producing energy
Smooth outer layer
Folds (cristae) in inner layer
}Ribosomes
◦Sites of protein synthesis(every cell makes protein)
◦Fixed to ER and free ribosomes
Fixed ribosomes-synthesis of exportable protein/secreted by cell for use in other areas
When not used, it is used to provide energy or turned into fat
}Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
◦Network of membranes in cytosol-form channels where synthesized protein move
◦Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER): Fixed ribosomes on surface-protein synthesis then to golgi apparatus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER): No ribosomes; site of lipid, steroid, glycerides(fatty acid) & glycogen
stored in skeletal muscle and liver cells
}Golgi apparatus
◦Flattened membranous sacs
◦Puts finishing touches on protein after synthesis on RER
