CBIS Exam
1. Acquired Brain Injury (ABI): injury that occurs after birth and includes injuries caused by external physical forces and those
caused by internal insults to the brain
2. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Alternation to brain function caused by external forces
3. What are the 4 types of acquired brain injury?:
1. traumatic impact- open
2. traumatic impact- closed
3. traumatic inertial - DAI
4. non-traumatic injuries
4. coup-countercoup injury: with a blow to the head, the initial contusion/ laceration will occur beneath point of impact
(coup) and then occur on the contralateral to the site of initial impact (countercoup)
5. Why is brain injury called the "silent epidemic"?: Many deficits caused by brain injury can be invisible (not
immediately apparent)
6. What are primary injuries?: the INITIAL damage to the brain as a result of a traumatic event
examples:
-laceration
-contusion
-torn blood vessels
-acceleration/deceleration (coup/contracoup)
-foreign object penetration
7. What are common secondary injuries?: 1. hydrocephalus
2. edema
3. hypoxia intracranial hemorrhages
8. Mild LOC may last how long?: brief of no LOC
9. Moderate LOC may last how long?: LOC up to 24 hours
10. Severe LOC may last how long?: LOC greater than 24 hours
11. List 5 risk factors for brain injury: 1. Age (15-19, 20-24, 65+)
2. alcohol use
3. military action
4. domestic violence
5. prisons
, CBIS Exam
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6. sport-injury
12. Age Groups with Highest Rates of Brain Injury due to Falls: (0-4 years old) 50% of all TBIs
(65+ years old) 61% of all TBIs
13. Age Group with Highest Rate of Death from TBI: Adults 75+ years old
14. Highest Rates of Death from TBI (all causes): Adults 75+ years old
15 Highest Rates of Death from TBI (Firearms): Adults 20-24 years old and Adults 75+ years old
16. Percentage of Children with TBI from Physical Abuse: 67% (0-3 years old)
17. Highest Rate of TBI from MVAs: Adults 20-24 years old
18. Highest Rates of TBI Deaths from MVAs: Teenagers 16-19 years old 19. Is the progression along the
continuum of care linear?: No, due to risk factors, comorbidities, medical complications, treatment options, funding,
etc. 20. Who establishes standards for rehabilitation facilities?: Commission on
Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF)
21. Olmstead Decision: Requires states to administer services, programs, and activities, in the most integrated setting
appropriate to the needs of individuals with disabilities.
- increased opportunities for federal and state initiatives that make community living more accessible
22. What agency funds the TBI Model Systems?: US Dept of Health and Human Services
23. Why is TBIMS data important?: increases understanding of recovery and outcomes of TBI via longitudinal studies
24. What is meant by disease-causative and disease- alternative?: Brain injuries due not maintain a static state. TBI
can both cause disease or accelerate disease down the road. Chronic progressive conditions.
25. These 4 conditions cause individuals with brain injury to be at an increased risk of death (4 reasons): 1.
seizures
2. pneumonia
3. respiratory problems
4. circulatory problems
26. Name 2 neurological conditions associated with brain injury: 1. epilepsy 2. Alzheimer's - CTE
27. Name 3 neuro-endocrine disorders associated with brain injury: 1. Growth Hormone insufficiency
2. Hypothyroidism (low thyroid function)
3. Gonadotropin deficiency
28. P-A-D (meninges): 1. pia mater
2. arachnoid
3. dura mater
29. What are the 3 parts of a neuron?: 1. cell body
, CBIS Exam
.
2. axon
3. dendrites
30 What is the function of the blood brain barrier?: Ensures that harmful substances can not pass through the membrane
and harm the brain
31. Synaptic cleft: Area for which neurotransmitter can cross from cell to cell when action potentials are triggered
32. Medulla: Controls involuntary functions (HR, BP, swallow)
Injury to this area can threaten life immediately
33. Pons: Enables thinking part of brain to work with the movement part of the brain
Consequences of injury can cause loss of ability to coordinate/ control body movements
34. Midbrain: seeing and hearing functions, alertness and arousal
Consequences of injury to this area can cause damage BP, sleep/wake cycle, breathing function - can lead to DOC injury
35. What are the 4 functions of the Reticular Activating System (RAS)?: 1.
arousal 2.
alertness
3. concentration
4. basic biological rhythms
36. Thalamus: The relay station for incoming and outgoing sensory information
Consequences of injury include deficits in attention, concentration, memory, mental stamina, sensory integration, stress,
emotional responses
37. Hypothalamus: Controls thirst, hunger, sexual responses, endocrine function, temperature (fight or flight response).
Consequences of injury to this area can can disruption in hormone, endocrine and neurochemical systems
38. Hippocampus: Memory function
Limits new learning
39. Amygdala: Emotional memory and reaction
Can lead to aggression and poor emotional regulation
40. Basal Ganglia: Causes the body to be on alert when something is not working correctly
1. Acquired Brain Injury (ABI): injury that occurs after birth and includes injuries caused by external physical forces and those
caused by internal insults to the brain
2. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Alternation to brain function caused by external forces
3. What are the 4 types of acquired brain injury?:
1. traumatic impact- open
2. traumatic impact- closed
3. traumatic inertial - DAI
4. non-traumatic injuries
4. coup-countercoup injury: with a blow to the head, the initial contusion/ laceration will occur beneath point of impact
(coup) and then occur on the contralateral to the site of initial impact (countercoup)
5. Why is brain injury called the "silent epidemic"?: Many deficits caused by brain injury can be invisible (not
immediately apparent)
6. What are primary injuries?: the INITIAL damage to the brain as a result of a traumatic event
examples:
-laceration
-contusion
-torn blood vessels
-acceleration/deceleration (coup/contracoup)
-foreign object penetration
7. What are common secondary injuries?: 1. hydrocephalus
2. edema
3. hypoxia intracranial hemorrhages
8. Mild LOC may last how long?: brief of no LOC
9. Moderate LOC may last how long?: LOC up to 24 hours
10. Severe LOC may last how long?: LOC greater than 24 hours
11. List 5 risk factors for brain injury: 1. Age (15-19, 20-24, 65+)
2. alcohol use
3. military action
4. domestic violence
5. prisons
, CBIS Exam
.
6. sport-injury
12. Age Groups with Highest Rates of Brain Injury due to Falls: (0-4 years old) 50% of all TBIs
(65+ years old) 61% of all TBIs
13. Age Group with Highest Rate of Death from TBI: Adults 75+ years old
14. Highest Rates of Death from TBI (all causes): Adults 75+ years old
15 Highest Rates of Death from TBI (Firearms): Adults 20-24 years old and Adults 75+ years old
16. Percentage of Children with TBI from Physical Abuse: 67% (0-3 years old)
17. Highest Rate of TBI from MVAs: Adults 20-24 years old
18. Highest Rates of TBI Deaths from MVAs: Teenagers 16-19 years old 19. Is the progression along the
continuum of care linear?: No, due to risk factors, comorbidities, medical complications, treatment options, funding,
etc. 20. Who establishes standards for rehabilitation facilities?: Commission on
Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF)
21. Olmstead Decision: Requires states to administer services, programs, and activities, in the most integrated setting
appropriate to the needs of individuals with disabilities.
- increased opportunities for federal and state initiatives that make community living more accessible
22. What agency funds the TBI Model Systems?: US Dept of Health and Human Services
23. Why is TBIMS data important?: increases understanding of recovery and outcomes of TBI via longitudinal studies
24. What is meant by disease-causative and disease- alternative?: Brain injuries due not maintain a static state. TBI
can both cause disease or accelerate disease down the road. Chronic progressive conditions.
25. These 4 conditions cause individuals with brain injury to be at an increased risk of death (4 reasons): 1.
seizures
2. pneumonia
3. respiratory problems
4. circulatory problems
26. Name 2 neurological conditions associated with brain injury: 1. epilepsy 2. Alzheimer's - CTE
27. Name 3 neuro-endocrine disorders associated with brain injury: 1. Growth Hormone insufficiency
2. Hypothyroidism (low thyroid function)
3. Gonadotropin deficiency
28. P-A-D (meninges): 1. pia mater
2. arachnoid
3. dura mater
29. What are the 3 parts of a neuron?: 1. cell body
, CBIS Exam
.
2. axon
3. dendrites
30 What is the function of the blood brain barrier?: Ensures that harmful substances can not pass through the membrane
and harm the brain
31. Synaptic cleft: Area for which neurotransmitter can cross from cell to cell when action potentials are triggered
32. Medulla: Controls involuntary functions (HR, BP, swallow)
Injury to this area can threaten life immediately
33. Pons: Enables thinking part of brain to work with the movement part of the brain
Consequences of injury can cause loss of ability to coordinate/ control body movements
34. Midbrain: seeing and hearing functions, alertness and arousal
Consequences of injury to this area can cause damage BP, sleep/wake cycle, breathing function - can lead to DOC injury
35. What are the 4 functions of the Reticular Activating System (RAS)?: 1.
arousal 2.
alertness
3. concentration
4. basic biological rhythms
36. Thalamus: The relay station for incoming and outgoing sensory information
Consequences of injury include deficits in attention, concentration, memory, mental stamina, sensory integration, stress,
emotional responses
37. Hypothalamus: Controls thirst, hunger, sexual responses, endocrine function, temperature (fight or flight response).
Consequences of injury to this area can can disruption in hormone, endocrine and neurochemical systems
38. Hippocampus: Memory function
Limits new learning
39. Amygdala: Emotional memory and reaction
Can lead to aggression and poor emotional regulation
40. Basal Ganglia: Causes the body to be on alert when something is not working correctly
