Galen NUR 242 Exam 3 Streb notes
1. GERD Risk factors include: Consumption of foods such as caffeine, alcohol, spicy or fried foods, chocolate, and tomatoes.
Lifestyle factors play a big part especially alcohol and smoking.
2. GERD the nursing assessment should include: asking about a history of heartburn or atypical chest pain associated
with the reflux of GI contents.
3. GERD manifests differently depending on: the patient and the severity of the disorder
4. GERD most common symptoms: -Heartburn (pyrosis) -Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
(May be described as substernal burning moving up and down the chest)
5. GERD pain usually develops within: 30-60 minutes after meals
Severe heartburn pain can radiate to the neck, jaw, or back and patients may think they are having an MI
6. GERD symptoms are exacerbated when: lying down flat or bending over
7. GERD regurgitation may lead to: Aspiration or bronchitis
These patients are at risk of aspirating when lying flat
8. Symptoms of GERD include: Coughing or wheezing at night, dysphagia, belching and nausea, hoarseness, and insomnia.
Assess lungs for presence of crackles. 9. Hiatal Hernia: A condition where a part of the stomach that normally is located in
the abdominal cavity protrudes through the esophageal hiatus to rest within the chest cavity
10. Hiatal Hernia symptoms usually worsen after meals. These symptoms may be made worse when: Lying
flat and may resolve with sitting up or walking.
11. Hiatal Hernia patients should immediately report: abdominal pain with nausea, vomiting, and fever
12. Hiatal Hernia lifestyle changes may include: elevating the head of the bed when sleeping to allow gravity to
prevent acid from refluxing into the esophagus and remaining upright after meals.
13. Hiatal hernia Diet should consist of: small frequent meals instead of eating two or three larger meals a day. Avoid
vigorous movement after meals.
14. Hiatal hernia foods that should be avoided include: spicy, greasy foods, onions, tomatoes and citrus fruits
15. Gastritis occurs when: the lining of the stomach known as the mucosa becomes inflamed or swollen. When the
stomach mucosa becomes inflamed edema, hemorrhage and erosion of the mucosa occur.
16 Medical treatment for Gastritis depends on the specific cause. Patients will be instructed to stop taking
irritating medications such as: ASA and NSAIDS 17. Gastritis medications to decrease the amount of hydrochloric
acid in the stomach. these would include: Antacids, H2 antagonists, and Proton pump inhibitors
18. The patient with Gastritis is at risk for: Deficient Fluid Volume
A nursing priority is to access the patient's hydration status. Includes I&O, Daily Weights, &VS.
19. Peptic Ulcers Disease: are a break in the mucous lining of gastrointestinal tract from continued contact with gastric
juice. This results in inflammation. Pain that is worsened by the ingestion of food.
20. Ulcers in the mucosa of GI tract occur from several different causes.
, Galen NUR 242 Exam 3 Streb notes
Duodenal ulcers are associated with a: H. Pylori infection
21. Gastric ulcer pain is described as: a dull, aching pain, often right after a meal; eating does not relieve pain and may
even worsen it. Pain may also occur late at night.
22. Other symptoms associated with PUD are: Nausea with or without vomiting, weight loss, anorexia, belching and
dyspepsia (indigestion). Patient may report a distended abdomen that is painful.
23. PUD increased risk factor in: Smokers
smoking contributes to the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease. Smoking causes an acceleration of gastric emptying of liquids
promotes of duodenogastric reflux and causes a reduction in mucosal blood flow. Patient should attend a smoking cessation course
24. Gastric Cancer: Stomach cancers tend to develop slowly over many years. Before a true cancer develops, pre-cancerous
changes often occur in the inner lining (mucosa) of the stomach. These early changes rarely cause symptoms and therefore
often go undetected
25. The decline of stomach acids has been linked to the frequent use of antibiotics to treat infection.
Antibiotics can kill the bacteria called: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which is though to be a major cause of stomach
cancer
26. Gastrectomy post care: Administer protein and vitamin supplements to foster wound repair and tissue building. Eat
small, frequent meals.
27. Stress the importance of long term vitamin B12 injections after: gastrectomy to prevent surgically induced
pernicious anemia
28. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): refers to a disorder that involves abdominal
pain and cramping, as well as changes in bowel movements
29 IBS risk factors include: consuming a diet high in fats and gas producing foods. Consuming carbonated beverages, caffeine
and alcohol contribute to the development.
30. IBS related factors: Smoking and stress. Emotional experiences such as anxiety and depression are also a factor as this
affects the autonomic nervous system and it innervation to the bowel.
31. Nursing care for the patient with IBS focuses on: education and emotional support. Help the patient implement
lifestyle changes that reduce stress. Remind the patient about regular exercise, Discourage smoking while encouraging the need
for regular physical examinations
32. Intestinal obstruction is: a partial or complete blockage of the bowel that results in the failure of the intestinal
contents to pass through
33. With obstruction: gas and fluid accumulate proximal to and within obstructed segment causing bowel distention
34. A bowel obstruction is divided into two basic categories:: Mechanical and Non-mechanical
35. Treatment of intestinal obstruction is directed toward: relieving symptoms, managing fluid and electrolyte
imbalances, preventing complications, and treating the cause of obstruction
36. Surgery may be needed to relieve the obstruction if: gastric decompression does not relieve the symptoms, or if
there are signs of bowel necrosis. The type of surgery will depend on the type and area of obstruction and may include intestinal
resection with an anastomosis or creation of an ileostomy or colostomy
1. GERD Risk factors include: Consumption of foods such as caffeine, alcohol, spicy or fried foods, chocolate, and tomatoes.
Lifestyle factors play a big part especially alcohol and smoking.
2. GERD the nursing assessment should include: asking about a history of heartburn or atypical chest pain associated
with the reflux of GI contents.
3. GERD manifests differently depending on: the patient and the severity of the disorder
4. GERD most common symptoms: -Heartburn (pyrosis) -Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
(May be described as substernal burning moving up and down the chest)
5. GERD pain usually develops within: 30-60 minutes after meals
Severe heartburn pain can radiate to the neck, jaw, or back and patients may think they are having an MI
6. GERD symptoms are exacerbated when: lying down flat or bending over
7. GERD regurgitation may lead to: Aspiration or bronchitis
These patients are at risk of aspirating when lying flat
8. Symptoms of GERD include: Coughing or wheezing at night, dysphagia, belching and nausea, hoarseness, and insomnia.
Assess lungs for presence of crackles. 9. Hiatal Hernia: A condition where a part of the stomach that normally is located in
the abdominal cavity protrudes through the esophageal hiatus to rest within the chest cavity
10. Hiatal Hernia symptoms usually worsen after meals. These symptoms may be made worse when: Lying
flat and may resolve with sitting up or walking.
11. Hiatal Hernia patients should immediately report: abdominal pain with nausea, vomiting, and fever
12. Hiatal Hernia lifestyle changes may include: elevating the head of the bed when sleeping to allow gravity to
prevent acid from refluxing into the esophagus and remaining upright after meals.
13. Hiatal hernia Diet should consist of: small frequent meals instead of eating two or three larger meals a day. Avoid
vigorous movement after meals.
14. Hiatal hernia foods that should be avoided include: spicy, greasy foods, onions, tomatoes and citrus fruits
15. Gastritis occurs when: the lining of the stomach known as the mucosa becomes inflamed or swollen. When the
stomach mucosa becomes inflamed edema, hemorrhage and erosion of the mucosa occur.
16 Medical treatment for Gastritis depends on the specific cause. Patients will be instructed to stop taking
irritating medications such as: ASA and NSAIDS 17. Gastritis medications to decrease the amount of hydrochloric
acid in the stomach. these would include: Antacids, H2 antagonists, and Proton pump inhibitors
18. The patient with Gastritis is at risk for: Deficient Fluid Volume
A nursing priority is to access the patient's hydration status. Includes I&O, Daily Weights, &VS.
19. Peptic Ulcers Disease: are a break in the mucous lining of gastrointestinal tract from continued contact with gastric
juice. This results in inflammation. Pain that is worsened by the ingestion of food.
20. Ulcers in the mucosa of GI tract occur from several different causes.
, Galen NUR 242 Exam 3 Streb notes
Duodenal ulcers are associated with a: H. Pylori infection
21. Gastric ulcer pain is described as: a dull, aching pain, often right after a meal; eating does not relieve pain and may
even worsen it. Pain may also occur late at night.
22. Other symptoms associated with PUD are: Nausea with or without vomiting, weight loss, anorexia, belching and
dyspepsia (indigestion). Patient may report a distended abdomen that is painful.
23. PUD increased risk factor in: Smokers
smoking contributes to the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease. Smoking causes an acceleration of gastric emptying of liquids
promotes of duodenogastric reflux and causes a reduction in mucosal blood flow. Patient should attend a smoking cessation course
24. Gastric Cancer: Stomach cancers tend to develop slowly over many years. Before a true cancer develops, pre-cancerous
changes often occur in the inner lining (mucosa) of the stomach. These early changes rarely cause symptoms and therefore
often go undetected
25. The decline of stomach acids has been linked to the frequent use of antibiotics to treat infection.
Antibiotics can kill the bacteria called: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which is though to be a major cause of stomach
cancer
26. Gastrectomy post care: Administer protein and vitamin supplements to foster wound repair and tissue building. Eat
small, frequent meals.
27. Stress the importance of long term vitamin B12 injections after: gastrectomy to prevent surgically induced
pernicious anemia
28. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): refers to a disorder that involves abdominal
pain and cramping, as well as changes in bowel movements
29 IBS risk factors include: consuming a diet high in fats and gas producing foods. Consuming carbonated beverages, caffeine
and alcohol contribute to the development.
30. IBS related factors: Smoking and stress. Emotional experiences such as anxiety and depression are also a factor as this
affects the autonomic nervous system and it innervation to the bowel.
31. Nursing care for the patient with IBS focuses on: education and emotional support. Help the patient implement
lifestyle changes that reduce stress. Remind the patient about regular exercise, Discourage smoking while encouraging the need
for regular physical examinations
32. Intestinal obstruction is: a partial or complete blockage of the bowel that results in the failure of the intestinal
contents to pass through
33. With obstruction: gas and fluid accumulate proximal to and within obstructed segment causing bowel distention
34. A bowel obstruction is divided into two basic categories:: Mechanical and Non-mechanical
35. Treatment of intestinal obstruction is directed toward: relieving symptoms, managing fluid and electrolyte
imbalances, preventing complications, and treating the cause of obstruction
36. Surgery may be needed to relieve the obstruction if: gastric decompression does not relieve the symptoms, or if
there are signs of bowel necrosis. The type of surgery will depend on the type and area of obstruction and may include intestinal
resection with an anastomosis or creation of an ileostomy or colostomy
