Rasmussen - MDC III - Final Exam
1. respiratory alkalosis: high pH, low CO2
pH: 7.35-7.45 acidic-basic
HCO3: 21-28 acidic-basic
CO2: 45-35 acidic-basic
2. metabolic acidosis: low pH, low HCO3
pH: 7.35-7.45 acidic-basic
HCO3: 21-28 acidic-basic
CO2: 45-35 acidic-basic
3. respiratory acidosis: low pH, high CO2
pH: 7.35-7.45 acidic-basic
HCO3: 21-28 acidic-basic
CO2: 45-35 acidic-basic
4. metabolic alkalosis: high pH, high HCO3
pH: 7.35-7.45 acidic-basic
HCO3: 21-28 acidic-basic
CO2: 45-35 acidic-basic
5. ªchange in condition make take priority over ABCs (ex: post op bleeding
is priority over an O2 Sat% of 90%)
ªpick the patient that is going to die first: Priority questions...something to
consider
6. CPR, press the code button: You walk into your patient's room and they
*don't have a pulse*, what are you going to do?
7. bag resuscitation, press the code button: You walk into your patient's room
and they are *not breathing but have a pulse*, what are you going to do?
8. ªunconscious, pulseless ªshock them with the AED!: If you walk into a
room with a patient that is in *ventricular fibrillation (v fib)*
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, Rasmussen - MDC III - Final Exam
ªHow will they present? ªWhat must we do to
get them out of that state?
9. ªmake them bear down (valsalva maneuver) ªmake them cough (vagal
maneuver): If you walk into a room and a patient is alert and oriented,
speaking to you, has a pulse, but their cardiac monitor shows they are in
*ventricular tachycardia*
ªWhat are you going to do?
10. Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT): Which cardiac rhythm requires the
patient to take *adenosine*?
11. ªthey may end up with a *blood clot* because the blood is pooling in the
atria: What is our priority concern for a patient in *atrial fibrillation (a-fib)*?
12. *control RVR for patient:* ªgive anticoagulants
ªbeta blockers, digoxin, diltiazem
ªif meds don't work...cardioversion (synchronized shock to re-start the
rhythm)
ªif cardioversion doesn't work...ablation: Nursing Interventions: *A-fib RVR*
13. ªchest pain ªSOB ªdiaphoresis ªN/V ªhypertension ªtachycardia
ªjaw pain, anxiety, indigestion (women) ªelevated troponin levels ªEKG
changes - ST elevation: If you have a patient who comes into the ED and they
are having an MI, what are the signs/symptoms? lab values to confirm this?
14. *Oxygen* - 1st
*Nitro* - given sublingual, 3 doses q 5 min (home), drip (hospital), drops BP
(vasodilator)
*Aspirin* - antiplatelet, stops clotting, 325 mg, chew it
*Morphine* - calms the patient down, helps pain: Treatment:
*Myocardial Infarction* 15. ªCPK ªtroponin ªCK-MB
ªBNP: Name the cardiac enzymes
16. angioplasty stent the artery angiogram remove clots
cardiac catheterization: Procedures: *Myocardial Infarction
(MI)*
17. CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft): Procedure: Patient
has an MI and extreme plaque build up
18. pericarditis: inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart
2/9
1. respiratory alkalosis: high pH, low CO2
pH: 7.35-7.45 acidic-basic
HCO3: 21-28 acidic-basic
CO2: 45-35 acidic-basic
2. metabolic acidosis: low pH, low HCO3
pH: 7.35-7.45 acidic-basic
HCO3: 21-28 acidic-basic
CO2: 45-35 acidic-basic
3. respiratory acidosis: low pH, high CO2
pH: 7.35-7.45 acidic-basic
HCO3: 21-28 acidic-basic
CO2: 45-35 acidic-basic
4. metabolic alkalosis: high pH, high HCO3
pH: 7.35-7.45 acidic-basic
HCO3: 21-28 acidic-basic
CO2: 45-35 acidic-basic
5. ªchange in condition make take priority over ABCs (ex: post op bleeding
is priority over an O2 Sat% of 90%)
ªpick the patient that is going to die first: Priority questions...something to
consider
6. CPR, press the code button: You walk into your patient's room and they
*don't have a pulse*, what are you going to do?
7. bag resuscitation, press the code button: You walk into your patient's room
and they are *not breathing but have a pulse*, what are you going to do?
8. ªunconscious, pulseless ªshock them with the AED!: If you walk into a
room with a patient that is in *ventricular fibrillation (v fib)*
1/9
, Rasmussen - MDC III - Final Exam
ªHow will they present? ªWhat must we do to
get them out of that state?
9. ªmake them bear down (valsalva maneuver) ªmake them cough (vagal
maneuver): If you walk into a room and a patient is alert and oriented,
speaking to you, has a pulse, but their cardiac monitor shows they are in
*ventricular tachycardia*
ªWhat are you going to do?
10. Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT): Which cardiac rhythm requires the
patient to take *adenosine*?
11. ªthey may end up with a *blood clot* because the blood is pooling in the
atria: What is our priority concern for a patient in *atrial fibrillation (a-fib)*?
12. *control RVR for patient:* ªgive anticoagulants
ªbeta blockers, digoxin, diltiazem
ªif meds don't work...cardioversion (synchronized shock to re-start the
rhythm)
ªif cardioversion doesn't work...ablation: Nursing Interventions: *A-fib RVR*
13. ªchest pain ªSOB ªdiaphoresis ªN/V ªhypertension ªtachycardia
ªjaw pain, anxiety, indigestion (women) ªelevated troponin levels ªEKG
changes - ST elevation: If you have a patient who comes into the ED and they
are having an MI, what are the signs/symptoms? lab values to confirm this?
14. *Oxygen* - 1st
*Nitro* - given sublingual, 3 doses q 5 min (home), drip (hospital), drops BP
(vasodilator)
*Aspirin* - antiplatelet, stops clotting, 325 mg, chew it
*Morphine* - calms the patient down, helps pain: Treatment:
*Myocardial Infarction* 15. ªCPK ªtroponin ªCK-MB
ªBNP: Name the cardiac enzymes
16. angioplasty stent the artery angiogram remove clots
cardiac catheterization: Procedures: *Myocardial Infarction
(MI)*
17. CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft): Procedure: Patient
has an MI and extreme plaque build up
18. pericarditis: inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart
2/9
