Cold War in Europe and Asia actual exam questions and answers well detailed

Containment - ANSWERSa U.S. foreign policy adopted by President Harry Truman in the late 1940s, in which the United States tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries to resist Soviet advances. Truman Doctrine - ANSWERSPolicy statement by President Harry S. Truman in 1947 that promised military and economic aid to nations threatened by armed minorities or outside groups. Marshall Plan - ANSWERSa United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe () Berlin Aircraft - ANSWERSplanes flew in food,fuel, and other supplies to 2 millioin berliners during the berlin blockade which cut off west berlin from the rest of the world NATO - ANSWERSNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries Warsaw Pact - ANSWERStreaty signed in 1945 that formed an alliance of the Eastern European countries behind the Iron Curtain; USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania Fidel Castro - ANSWERSCuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927) Cuban Missle Crisis - ANSWERSIn October 1962, the United States and the Soviet Union came close to nuclear war when President Kennedy insisted that Nikita Khrushchev remove the 42 missiles he had secretly deployed in Cuba. The Soviets eventually did so, nuclear war was averted, and the crisisended. Tiananmen Square - ANSWERSSite in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life. detente - ANSWERSrelaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China SALT - ANSWERSIn 1972, the United States and the Soviet Union culminated four years of SALT by signing a treaty limiting the deployment of antiballistic missiles (ABM) and an agreement to freeze the number of offensive missiles for five years. Gorbachev - ANSWERSSoviet dictator from 1985 to 1991 whose policies caused the end of the Soviet Union; revisionist historians identify him as the true Cold War Hero, not Reagan Glasnost - ANSWERSa Soviet policy allowing more open discussion of political and social issues, as well as more widespread news and info Perestroika - ANSWERSRestructing of the Soviet Governement and the economy in the 1980's Vietnamization - ANSWERSThe plan to increase the combat role of the South Vietnamese while gradually pulling out U.S troops in the Vietnam War was called... Pol Pot - ANSWERSIn addition to all of the above, Pol Pot was also a CIA operative. After the genocide the CIA secretly backed Pol Pot and his army because Pol Pot was anti Chinese/Soviet. They supplied him and supported him in order to covertly fight Chinese/Soviet influence in the region. Lech Walesa - ANSWERSUnion leader who became a hero when the government gave in to the union's demands Solidarity - ANSWERSUnion of workers at a Gdansk shipyard who went on strike to gain government recognition Deng Xiaoping - ANSWERSChinese leader after Zhou Enlai Ho Chi Minh - ANSWERS1950s and 60s; communist leader of North Vietnam; used geurilla warfare to fight anti-comunist, American-funded attacks under the Truman Doctrine; brilliant strategy drew out war and made it unwinnable Four Modernizations - ANSWERSinfrastructure, agriculture, military, and tech Mao Zedong - ANSWERS. Chinese military and political leader who led the Communist Party of China to victory against the Kuomintang in the Chinese Civil War. Leader of the People's Republic of China from establishment in 1949 till death in 1976. Heralded as an influential leader who transformed China into world power. Programs led to large unnecessary loss of life and damage to the culture, society, economy, and foreign relations. Cultural Revolution - ANSWERSthe name given to Mao's attempt to reassert his beliefs in China. Mao had been less than a dynamic leader from the late 1950's on, and feared others in the party might be taking on a leading role that weakened his power within the party and the country. Great Leap Forward - ANSWERSEffort made by the Communist Party of China (CPC) under the leadership of Mao Zedong (also known as Mao Tse-tung) to transform China into a society capable of competing with other industrialized nations, within a short, five-year time period. Democratization - ANSWERSis the transition toward political systems guided by competitive elections. August Coup - ANSWERSCoup in russia that kidnapped Gorbachev and tried to seize the government. Led by conservatice communists. Ended with Yeltsin denouncing the rebels and gaining the army's support. Yugoslavia - ANSWERSYugoslavia was a country in Southeast Europe during most of the 20th century. Bosnia-Herzegovina - ANSWERSMuslims and Croats living there wanted independence from Yugoslavia; after NATO influence, separate states were created Kosovo - ANSWERSa region of Yugoslavia that had autonomy until Milosovic tried to crush the Albanians there by ethnic cleansing; 1999 NATO used military strikes against Yugoslavia until the crisis came to an end in 1999