NUR 256 EXAM 3
1. MED ADMIN:
2. 9 rights of medication administration: Right drug
Right dose
Right time
Right route
Right patient
Right documentation
Right reason
Right response
Right to Refuse
3. Absorption: occurs when medication molecules pass into the blood from the site of medication administration
4. Therapeutic effect: is the expected or predicted physiological response caused by a medication
5. therapeutic range: that concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity
6. Adverse effects: A general term for any undesirable effects that are a direct response to one or more drugs.
7. side effects: is a predictable and often unavoidable adverse effect produced at a usual therapeutic dose
8. toxic effect: often develop after prolonged intake of a medication or when a medication accumulates in the blood because
of impaired metabolism or excretion. Excess amounts of a medication within the body sometimes have lethal effects,
depending on its action
9. synergistic effect: interaction of two or more medicines that results in a greater effect than when the medicines are taken
alone
10. idiosyncratic reaction: in which a patient overreacts or underreacts to a medication or has a reaction different from
normal
11. medication tolerance: more medication is required to achieve the same therapeutic effect (occurs over time)
12. Onset of medication action: Time it takes after you administer a medication for it to produce a therapeutic effect
13. Peak action: Time it takes for a medication to reach its highest effective peak concentration
, NUR 256 EXAM 3
14. Trough: Minimum blood serum concentration of medication reached just before the next scheduled dose
15. Duration of action: Length of time during which a medication is present in a concentration great enough to produce a
therapeutic effect
16. Plateau: Blood serum concentration reached and maintained after repeated, fixed doses
17. oral medications: -have a slower onset of action and more prolonged effects than parenteral medication
-food sometimes effects the absorption of medications so you must determine which medications are to be administered with or
without food
-many medications interact with nutritional and herbal supplements, some interact with food (grape fruit, milk, etc.) this
information must be looked up in the drug book prior to administration
-most tablets and capsules need to be swallowed with 60-240mL of fluid as long as the patient isn't on fluid restrictions
18. when giving oral medications what you contraindications should you assess for?: -alterations in GI function
(nausea, vomiting, reduced mobility) -inability to swallow
- unconsciousness, confused, or unwillingness to swallow
-gastric suction
-NPO prior to surgery or procedure
19. how do you protect patients from aspiration?: -assess the patients ability to swallow
-aspiration occurs when food, fluid, or medication intended for GI administration inadvertently enters the respiratory tract
20. how do you assess gag reflex: -place the patient on a 90 degree angle and check for the presence of their gag reflex
(this checks for their ability to swallow and cough) after gag reflex is checked offer water
-if ability to swallow medications isn't present withhold medication and notify provider
21. if patient cannot swallow meds whole what do you do?: the pills need to be crushed or capsule opened but you need
to check the drug book first
-put 1 tsp of applesauce pr pudding into a plastic cup and place crushed or opened meds into food (give each crushed medication
separately)
22. never crush what kind of tablets or capsules?: enteric coated
23. do you need to watch patients take medications or can you leave medication with the patients?: DO NOT
leave medications at the bedside, you need to watch the patient take the medication prior to leaving the room 24. you can
only split what kind of tablets with pill cutter?: scored
25. how to give sublingual medications?: -place medication under tongue and allow to dissolve completely (do not
allow to swallow or chew)
-avoid liquids until med is dissolved
-leads to more rapid onset of action
, NUR 256 EXAM 3
26. how to give buccal medications?: -place medication in mouth against mucous membranes of cheek and gums until
dissolved
-alternate cheeks with doses
-should not be chewed or swallowed
-avoid liquids until dissolved
-act locally on mucosa and systemically if swallowed in saliva
27. what to do if patient refuses medication?: -explore reasons why patient does not want medication
-educate if misunderstandings of medication therapy are apparent
- if patient continues to refuse despite attempts document reasons and notify health care provider
-DO NOT force medication
28. Otic medications: administered into the ear
-should be administered at room temperature
-place patient in side lying position for admin
-straighten ear canal by pulling pina
-hold dropper 1-2 inches above ear canal and have patient stay in side lying position for a few minutes after admin
-apply gentile pressure to Tagus of ear
29. how to pull ear for adult (older than 3): up and back
30. how to pull ear for children less than 3: down and back
31. Opthamolic medications: medication given in the eye
-give at room temp
-have patient lie supine or sit in chair with head tilted back
-cleanse eyes before giving meds
-gently pull lower lid down to expose conjunctival sac and have patient look up at ceiling
-drop meds into conjunctival sac without touching dropper to eye ointment-> apply thin ribbon of ointment along lower lid from
inner to outer canthus have the patient lightly rub eye in circular motion and inform them their vision may be blurred
32. Nasal Instillation: spray, drops, tampons
-caution patients to avoid use with decongestants because it can lead to rebound effect
-have patient blow/ clear nose gently
1. MED ADMIN:
2. 9 rights of medication administration: Right drug
Right dose
Right time
Right route
Right patient
Right documentation
Right reason
Right response
Right to Refuse
3. Absorption: occurs when medication molecules pass into the blood from the site of medication administration
4. Therapeutic effect: is the expected or predicted physiological response caused by a medication
5. therapeutic range: that concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity
6. Adverse effects: A general term for any undesirable effects that are a direct response to one or more drugs.
7. side effects: is a predictable and often unavoidable adverse effect produced at a usual therapeutic dose
8. toxic effect: often develop after prolonged intake of a medication or when a medication accumulates in the blood because
of impaired metabolism or excretion. Excess amounts of a medication within the body sometimes have lethal effects,
depending on its action
9. synergistic effect: interaction of two or more medicines that results in a greater effect than when the medicines are taken
alone
10. idiosyncratic reaction: in which a patient overreacts or underreacts to a medication or has a reaction different from
normal
11. medication tolerance: more medication is required to achieve the same therapeutic effect (occurs over time)
12. Onset of medication action: Time it takes after you administer a medication for it to produce a therapeutic effect
13. Peak action: Time it takes for a medication to reach its highest effective peak concentration
, NUR 256 EXAM 3
14. Trough: Minimum blood serum concentration of medication reached just before the next scheduled dose
15. Duration of action: Length of time during which a medication is present in a concentration great enough to produce a
therapeutic effect
16. Plateau: Blood serum concentration reached and maintained after repeated, fixed doses
17. oral medications: -have a slower onset of action and more prolonged effects than parenteral medication
-food sometimes effects the absorption of medications so you must determine which medications are to be administered with or
without food
-many medications interact with nutritional and herbal supplements, some interact with food (grape fruit, milk, etc.) this
information must be looked up in the drug book prior to administration
-most tablets and capsules need to be swallowed with 60-240mL of fluid as long as the patient isn't on fluid restrictions
18. when giving oral medications what you contraindications should you assess for?: -alterations in GI function
(nausea, vomiting, reduced mobility) -inability to swallow
- unconsciousness, confused, or unwillingness to swallow
-gastric suction
-NPO prior to surgery or procedure
19. how do you protect patients from aspiration?: -assess the patients ability to swallow
-aspiration occurs when food, fluid, or medication intended for GI administration inadvertently enters the respiratory tract
20. how do you assess gag reflex: -place the patient on a 90 degree angle and check for the presence of their gag reflex
(this checks for their ability to swallow and cough) after gag reflex is checked offer water
-if ability to swallow medications isn't present withhold medication and notify provider
21. if patient cannot swallow meds whole what do you do?: the pills need to be crushed or capsule opened but you need
to check the drug book first
-put 1 tsp of applesauce pr pudding into a plastic cup and place crushed or opened meds into food (give each crushed medication
separately)
22. never crush what kind of tablets or capsules?: enteric coated
23. do you need to watch patients take medications or can you leave medication with the patients?: DO NOT
leave medications at the bedside, you need to watch the patient take the medication prior to leaving the room 24. you can
only split what kind of tablets with pill cutter?: scored
25. how to give sublingual medications?: -place medication under tongue and allow to dissolve completely (do not
allow to swallow or chew)
-avoid liquids until med is dissolved
-leads to more rapid onset of action
, NUR 256 EXAM 3
26. how to give buccal medications?: -place medication in mouth against mucous membranes of cheek and gums until
dissolved
-alternate cheeks with doses
-should not be chewed or swallowed
-avoid liquids until dissolved
-act locally on mucosa and systemically if swallowed in saliva
27. what to do if patient refuses medication?: -explore reasons why patient does not want medication
-educate if misunderstandings of medication therapy are apparent
- if patient continues to refuse despite attempts document reasons and notify health care provider
-DO NOT force medication
28. Otic medications: administered into the ear
-should be administered at room temperature
-place patient in side lying position for admin
-straighten ear canal by pulling pina
-hold dropper 1-2 inches above ear canal and have patient stay in side lying position for a few minutes after admin
-apply gentile pressure to Tagus of ear
29. how to pull ear for adult (older than 3): up and back
30. how to pull ear for children less than 3: down and back
31. Opthamolic medications: medication given in the eye
-give at room temp
-have patient lie supine or sit in chair with head tilted back
-cleanse eyes before giving meds
-gently pull lower lid down to expose conjunctival sac and have patient look up at ceiling
-drop meds into conjunctival sac without touching dropper to eye ointment-> apply thin ribbon of ointment along lower lid from
inner to outer canthus have the patient lightly rub eye in circular motion and inform them their vision may be blurred
32. Nasal Instillation: spray, drops, tampons
-caution patients to avoid use with decongestants because it can lead to rebound effect
-have patient blow/ clear nose gently
