NURS 231 PATHOPHYS FINAL EXAM
1. A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia.:
False
2. Barrett esophagus is an example of dysplasia: false
3. hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused by an
increase in the number of cells: True
4. Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atrophy: True
5. proportion of people with a disease who are positive for the disease:
sensitivity
6. how likely the same result will occur if repeated: reliability
7. how a tool measures what it is intended to measure: validity
8. people without the disease who are negative on a given test: specificity 9.
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton?: it includes peroxisomes and
proteasomes
10. Which of the following are true of the cell? Select all that apply.: 1:
Proteins carry out the functions of the cell membrane 2:Lysosomes are the digestive
system of the cell
3:Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures
11. Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply.: 1: Controls
the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
2:Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
3: Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
12. Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply.: 1: They are
found far from the site of energy consumption.
2:They control free radicals.
, NURS 231 PATHOPHYS FINAL EXAM
13. High blood pressure is an example of which of the following?:
pathophysiology
14. A patient complains of chest pain and an elevated blood pressure. What
are these examples of?: signs and symptoms
15. Which of the following is true of a test's sensitivity?: If negative, it can
safely be assumed that the person does not have a disease
16. Chemical agents (poison, alcohol) are examples of which of the
following?: Etiologic factors
17. Define tertiary prevention and give an example:: Tertiary prevention occurs
after a disease has been diagnosed and clinical intervention is needed to reduce
complications or deterioration. One example is the use of certain medications one
must take after a heart attack to help reduce the risk of a future event or death.
18. Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis.: In dry
gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its
color changes to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results
from a cut off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet
gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin is moist, black,
and under tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor
is caused by bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
19. Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of one type
of necrosis.: necrosis is cell death to an organ or tissue with still being apart of a
living person. An example of this would be luiquefactive necrosis. this is when the
cells die and the catalytic enzymes do not get destroyed after the cells death. This
could cause necrosis
20. sunburn: radiation injury
21. obesity: nutritional imbalances
22. reactive oxygen species: free radical injury
, NURS 231 PATHOPHYS FINAL EXAM
23. low oxygen to tissues: hypoxic cell injury
24. fractures: physical agents
25. OTC drugs: Chemical injury
26. hypothermia: physical agents
27. radiation treatment: radiation injury
28. lead toxicity: chemical injury
29. bacteria: biologic agents
30. List the 4 types of tissue found in the body. Pick 2 and give a description
and example of each.: Epithelial tissue- covers the body's outer surface, it is
avascular and gets its o2 from the capillaries found in the neighboring
connective tissues, and example of this is simple squamous tissue which means
one layer of thin cells.
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue- is found all throughout the body, helps with communication between
tissues and the central nervous system. it aids in the functions of the body due to
internal and external stimuli, helps with movement, and electrical signaling. neurons
are an example of this, they aid in communicating to other cells in the body, they
are held and supported by glial cells.
Connective tissue
31. What term means "cell eating" and engulfs and then kills microorganisms
or other particulate matter?: Phagocytosis
32. What is the term to describe when cells use energy to move ions against
an electrical or chemical gradient?: Active transport
1. A bodybuilder's muscles will display hyperplasia.:
False
2. Barrett esophagus is an example of dysplasia: false
3. hypertrophy is an increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused by an
increase in the number of cells: True
4. Lack of nerve stimulation can cause cells to atrophy: True
5. proportion of people with a disease who are positive for the disease:
sensitivity
6. how likely the same result will occur if repeated: reliability
7. how a tool measures what it is intended to measure: validity
8. people without the disease who are negative on a given test: specificity 9.
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton?: it includes peroxisomes and
proteasomes
10. Which of the following are true of the cell? Select all that apply.: 1:
Proteins carry out the functions of the cell membrane 2:Lysosomes are the digestive
system of the cell
3:Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures
11. Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply.: 1: Controls
the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
2:Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
3: Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
12. Which are false of the mitochondria? Select all that apply.: 1: They are
found far from the site of energy consumption.
2:They control free radicals.
, NURS 231 PATHOPHYS FINAL EXAM
13. High blood pressure is an example of which of the following?:
pathophysiology
14. A patient complains of chest pain and an elevated blood pressure. What
are these examples of?: signs and symptoms
15. Which of the following is true of a test's sensitivity?: If negative, it can
safely be assumed that the person does not have a disease
16. Chemical agents (poison, alcohol) are examples of which of the
following?: Etiologic factors
17. Define tertiary prevention and give an example:: Tertiary prevention occurs
after a disease has been diagnosed and clinical intervention is needed to reduce
complications or deterioration. One example is the use of certain medications one
must take after a heart attack to help reduce the risk of a future event or death.
18. Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis.: In dry
gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its
color changes to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results
from a cut off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet
gangrene, the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin is moist, black,
and under tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor
is caused by bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
19. Explain what necrosis is and give an example and description of one type
of necrosis.: necrosis is cell death to an organ or tissue with still being apart of a
living person. An example of this would be luiquefactive necrosis. this is when the
cells die and the catalytic enzymes do not get destroyed after the cells death. This
could cause necrosis
20. sunburn: radiation injury
21. obesity: nutritional imbalances
22. reactive oxygen species: free radical injury
, NURS 231 PATHOPHYS FINAL EXAM
23. low oxygen to tissues: hypoxic cell injury
24. fractures: physical agents
25. OTC drugs: Chemical injury
26. hypothermia: physical agents
27. radiation treatment: radiation injury
28. lead toxicity: chemical injury
29. bacteria: biologic agents
30. List the 4 types of tissue found in the body. Pick 2 and give a description
and example of each.: Epithelial tissue- covers the body's outer surface, it is
avascular and gets its o2 from the capillaries found in the neighboring
connective tissues, and example of this is simple squamous tissue which means
one layer of thin cells.
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue- is found all throughout the body, helps with communication between
tissues and the central nervous system. it aids in the functions of the body due to
internal and external stimuli, helps with movement, and electrical signaling. neurons
are an example of this, they aid in communicating to other cells in the body, they
are held and supported by glial cells.
Connective tissue
31. What term means "cell eating" and engulfs and then kills microorganisms
or other particulate matter?: Phagocytosis
32. What is the term to describe when cells use energy to move ions against
an electrical or chemical gradient?: Active transport
