MBIO 3401 FINAL EXAM 2025 WITH ACTUAL
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED
ANSWERS |FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS |ALREADY GRADED A+|BRAND
NEW!!|LATEST UPDATE |GUARANTEED PASS
Nori used as a sushi wrap is produced by growing Porphyra, a ________, in tanks.
red algae
The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) is utilized to monitor molecular interactions between...
DNA and proteins
In many bacteria, the electron carrier ______ is used for biosynthesis, wereas ______ feeds the electron
transport system.
NADPH; NADH
How many turns of the Calvin cycle does it take to provide one molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
into the biosynthesis of glucose?
3
Which of the following is NOT a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respirations?
hydrogen sulfide
The recipient of Hfr conjugation _________ becomes an F+ or Hfr cell.
rarely
The difference between generalized and specialized transduction is...
that in generalized transduction, any DNA can be moved, but with specialized transduction, only certain
DNA near the phage site can be moved.
Mold ripening refers to the secondary _______ stage of cheese production.
fermentation
A bacterium capable of producing methane and water from carbon dioxide and hydrogen performs a
type of metabolism called _______ and, given its sources of electrons, it is a _________.
methanogenesis; chemolithotroph
1|Page
,Chemoorganotrophy is a term describing microorganisms that...
use organic compounds as a source of electrons and obtain energy through fermentations or respiration
What kind of mutation is produced by transposable elements?
insertion
_______ prevent transcription, whereas ________ stimulates transcription.
Repressors; activators
Hydrolysis of ATP with the release of pyrophosphate is the driving force of which of the following
reaction(s)?
DNA and RNA synthesis
A derivative F plasmid that contains host DNA is called an...
F' plasmid
How does bacteriorhodopsin couple photoexcitation with proton pumping?
Light-induced conformational changes of retinal cause the protein to extrude one proton.
Electron transport systems are embedded in what membrane system, among others?
mitochondrial inner membrane
thylakoids
inner membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
Which of the following is the most common cause of food-borne deaths in the United States?
Salmonella
Which form of control is the most rapid?
translational control
Most virus particles produced from an influenza virus infection are...
defective
A loss-of-function mutation could NOT be caused by...
silent mutation
HIV-infected cells can fuse with a neighboring cell, resulting in the formation of a giant multinucleate cell
called a(n)...
synctyium
Which of the following best describes the genome of the influenza virus?
negative-strand segmented DNA
2|Page
,Once T4 DNA has been injected into host cells, all of the following virus life cycle stages take place
EXCEPT...
T4 undergo lytic or lysogenic cycles depending on environmental factors
A modest level of ethanol enters the human circulation naturally from _______, equivalent to a fraction
of a drink per day.
intestinal flora
Herpes simplex viruses causes primary _______ infections
epithelial
The process of importing free DNA into cells is known as...
transformation
Production of traditionally fermented foods typically relies on ________ flora, whereas commercially
fermentation generally relies on ________
indigenous; starter cultures
What type of reporter fusions can expose both transcriptional and translational controls?
gene fusions
Extreme halophilic archaea exclusively utilize which kind of ion gradient?
sodium ion
The role of leader sequence in Tryp operon is to...
determine whether transcription can proceed through the genes in the operon
Which pathway is utilized for carbon fixation in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria?
the Calvin cycle or reductive pentose phosphate cycle
Microbial biosynthetic processes require...
essential elements
reduction
energy
Infection of potato crops by the fungus Phytophthora infestans is a constant menace to farmers. A
biotechnological approach to prevent the recurrence of such an infestation is...
introducing a wild potato gene that conveys resistance to P. infestans into commercial potato breeds
Cyanobacteria have _______-based photosynthesis and are the only _______-producing bacteria
H2O; O2
Which of the following is the favored carbon source of E. coli?
3|Page
, glucose
The enzyme pyruvate kinase catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolypyruvate to pyruvate; the
phosphate group is transferred to ADP to form ATP. This reaction is an example of...
ATP synthesis by substrate-level phosphorylation
Which form of control is the least reversible and most drastic?
alterations of DNA sequence
Which of the following molecules links glycolysis with the TCA cycle, and also serves as a precursor for
many biosynthetic products?
acetyl-CoA
The purpose of a DNA protection assay is to determine the nucleotide sequence directly interacting with
which macromolecules?
DNA-binding proteins
Drug resistance arises quickly for Hepatitis C virus due to...
high error rates at the hypervariable regions within the RNA genome
western blot
detects protein molecules
southern blot
detects DNA fragments
northern blot
detects RNA molecules
eastern blot
does not exist
what does western blot use
antibody to detect specific protein
real-time PCR
determines DNA or RNA levels
affinity chromatography
purifies protein products
EMSA
determines if a protein binds DNA
4|Page
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED DETAILED
ANSWERS |FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS |ALREADY GRADED A+|BRAND
NEW!!|LATEST UPDATE |GUARANTEED PASS
Nori used as a sushi wrap is produced by growing Porphyra, a ________, in tanks.
red algae
The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) is utilized to monitor molecular interactions between...
DNA and proteins
In many bacteria, the electron carrier ______ is used for biosynthesis, wereas ______ feeds the electron
transport system.
NADPH; NADH
How many turns of the Calvin cycle does it take to provide one molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
into the biosynthesis of glucose?
3
Which of the following is NOT a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respirations?
hydrogen sulfide
The recipient of Hfr conjugation _________ becomes an F+ or Hfr cell.
rarely
The difference between generalized and specialized transduction is...
that in generalized transduction, any DNA can be moved, but with specialized transduction, only certain
DNA near the phage site can be moved.
Mold ripening refers to the secondary _______ stage of cheese production.
fermentation
A bacterium capable of producing methane and water from carbon dioxide and hydrogen performs a
type of metabolism called _______ and, given its sources of electrons, it is a _________.
methanogenesis; chemolithotroph
1|Page
,Chemoorganotrophy is a term describing microorganisms that...
use organic compounds as a source of electrons and obtain energy through fermentations or respiration
What kind of mutation is produced by transposable elements?
insertion
_______ prevent transcription, whereas ________ stimulates transcription.
Repressors; activators
Hydrolysis of ATP with the release of pyrophosphate is the driving force of which of the following
reaction(s)?
DNA and RNA synthesis
A derivative F plasmid that contains host DNA is called an...
F' plasmid
How does bacteriorhodopsin couple photoexcitation with proton pumping?
Light-induced conformational changes of retinal cause the protein to extrude one proton.
Electron transport systems are embedded in what membrane system, among others?
mitochondrial inner membrane
thylakoids
inner membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
Which of the following is the most common cause of food-borne deaths in the United States?
Salmonella
Which form of control is the most rapid?
translational control
Most virus particles produced from an influenza virus infection are...
defective
A loss-of-function mutation could NOT be caused by...
silent mutation
HIV-infected cells can fuse with a neighboring cell, resulting in the formation of a giant multinucleate cell
called a(n)...
synctyium
Which of the following best describes the genome of the influenza virus?
negative-strand segmented DNA
2|Page
,Once T4 DNA has been injected into host cells, all of the following virus life cycle stages take place
EXCEPT...
T4 undergo lytic or lysogenic cycles depending on environmental factors
A modest level of ethanol enters the human circulation naturally from _______, equivalent to a fraction
of a drink per day.
intestinal flora
Herpes simplex viruses causes primary _______ infections
epithelial
The process of importing free DNA into cells is known as...
transformation
Production of traditionally fermented foods typically relies on ________ flora, whereas commercially
fermentation generally relies on ________
indigenous; starter cultures
What type of reporter fusions can expose both transcriptional and translational controls?
gene fusions
Extreme halophilic archaea exclusively utilize which kind of ion gradient?
sodium ion
The role of leader sequence in Tryp operon is to...
determine whether transcription can proceed through the genes in the operon
Which pathway is utilized for carbon fixation in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria?
the Calvin cycle or reductive pentose phosphate cycle
Microbial biosynthetic processes require...
essential elements
reduction
energy
Infection of potato crops by the fungus Phytophthora infestans is a constant menace to farmers. A
biotechnological approach to prevent the recurrence of such an infestation is...
introducing a wild potato gene that conveys resistance to P. infestans into commercial potato breeds
Cyanobacteria have _______-based photosynthesis and are the only _______-producing bacteria
H2O; O2
Which of the following is the favored carbon source of E. coli?
3|Page
, glucose
The enzyme pyruvate kinase catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolypyruvate to pyruvate; the
phosphate group is transferred to ADP to form ATP. This reaction is an example of...
ATP synthesis by substrate-level phosphorylation
Which form of control is the least reversible and most drastic?
alterations of DNA sequence
Which of the following molecules links glycolysis with the TCA cycle, and also serves as a precursor for
many biosynthetic products?
acetyl-CoA
The purpose of a DNA protection assay is to determine the nucleotide sequence directly interacting with
which macromolecules?
DNA-binding proteins
Drug resistance arises quickly for Hepatitis C virus due to...
high error rates at the hypervariable regions within the RNA genome
western blot
detects protein molecules
southern blot
detects DNA fragments
northern blot
detects RNA molecules
eastern blot
does not exist
what does western blot use
antibody to detect specific protein
real-time PCR
determines DNA or RNA levels
affinity chromatography
purifies protein products
EMSA
determines if a protein binds DNA
4|Page
