DAVITA FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS(DETAILED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+ 100% GUARANTEED TO PASS CONCEPTS!!!
Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER-< 3.5 mEq: fatigue,
muscle weakness, paralysis, respiratory failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmias,
cardiac arrest
What are the kidneys endocrine functions - CORRECT ANSWER-Renin secretion,
Erythropoeitin secretion, Vit D Activation
How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions - CORRECT ANSWER-
Provide medications
How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis - CORRECT
ANSWER-15%
What is uremia and how does it affect the body? - CORRECT ANSWER-Uremia is
a buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney failure and affects all body
systems.
,What are the most common causes of CKD in the usa? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Diabetes
Hypertension
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD - CORRECT ANSWER--
slowing the progression of ckd
-managing comorbidities and complications
-controlling symptoms
-minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
Why is it important to know what caused your patients CKD - CORRECT
ANSWER-So the nurse and PCT can inquire about possible problems during data
collection and assessment
Why is sodium balance important? - CORRECT ANSWER-Leads to volume
expansion, increased cardiac output, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and
increased blood pressure
Explain the four transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis -
CORRECT ANSWER-● Ultrafiltration: Fluid is pushed through a semipermeable
membrane.
,● Convection: Or solute drag means that solutes move with the water across the
semipermeable membrane. In this way, convection adds to the clearance
achieved through diffusion as solutes are dragged along with the ultrafiltrate.
● Diffusion: Is the movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable
membrane from the side with the higher concentration to the side with the lower
concentration. This difference in solute concentration on each side of the
membrane is called concentration gradient. The higher the concentration
gradient, the faster diffusion occurs. Once the concentration of a dissolved
particle is the same on both sides of the semipermeable membrane, diffusion
stops.
● Osmosis: Is a chemical process by which dissolved chemicals will migrate from
an area of high concentration to one of low
concentration. Essentially if you dissolve something in a liquid, the dissolved
compounds (called solutes) will spread out until there is an equal concentration of
solute everywhere.
What are the kidneys excretory functions - CORRECT ANSWER-To normalize
electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and nutrient balance
What is the function of the acid concentration - CORRECT ANSWER-Provides the
concentration gradient for diffusion and helps normalize electrolytes
What is the function of bicarbonate - CORRECT ANSWER-Buffers the acid
concentrate
Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER-> 5.5 mEq: extreme
muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, possible cardiac arrest
, Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance - CORRECT ANSWER-Edema,
hypertension, shortness of breath
Systemic effects of CKD what would you advise for a patient who complains of:
dry itchy skin, peripheral neuropathy(nerve pain in extremities) and gi problems -
CORRECT ANSWER-Use hyper-fatted soaps and lotions, monitor patient for
changes in motor function and inform RN and physician of any bleeding
problems/constipation/diarrhea
What is the consequences of prolonged fluid overload and hypertension -
CORRECT ANSWER-Left ventricular hypertrophy
What is Percarditis? - CORRECT ANSWER-Inflammation of the membrane
(pericardial sac) around the heart
What is a common cause of hypertension in dialysis patients - CORRECT
ANSWER-fluid overload
Left ventricular hypertrophy leads to - CORRECT ANSWER-Ischemic heart
disease, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and sudden death
Why are dialysis patients anemic? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. the lifespan of their
red blood cell is 60 days 1/2 of the normal 120 days.
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS(DETAILED ANSWERS) ALREADY
GRADED A+ 100% GUARANTEED TO PASS CONCEPTS!!!
Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER-< 3.5 mEq: fatigue,
muscle weakness, paralysis, respiratory failure, cardiac instability, arrhythmias,
cardiac arrest
What are the kidneys endocrine functions - CORRECT ANSWER-Renin secretion,
Erythropoeitin secretion, Vit D Activation
How do we replace normal endocrine kidney functions - CORRECT ANSWER-
Provide medications
How much of normal kidney function is replaced by hemodialysis - CORRECT
ANSWER-15%
What is uremia and how does it affect the body? - CORRECT ANSWER-Uremia is
a buildup of wastes in the blood due to kidney failure and affects all body
systems.
,What are the most common causes of CKD in the usa? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Diabetes
Hypertension
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Outline the treatment goals for a patient with CKD - CORRECT ANSWER--
slowing the progression of ckd
-managing comorbidities and complications
-controlling symptoms
-minimizing the effects of ckd on patients' lifestyles
-kidney replacement therapy modality education
-encouraging patients to actively participate in their healthcare
Why is it important to know what caused your patients CKD - CORRECT
ANSWER-So the nurse and PCT can inquire about possible problems during data
collection and assessment
Why is sodium balance important? - CORRECT ANSWER-Leads to volume
expansion, increased cardiac output, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and
increased blood pressure
Explain the four transport mechanisms that play a role in hemodialysis -
CORRECT ANSWER-● Ultrafiltration: Fluid is pushed through a semipermeable
membrane.
,● Convection: Or solute drag means that solutes move with the water across the
semipermeable membrane. In this way, convection adds to the clearance
achieved through diffusion as solutes are dragged along with the ultrafiltrate.
● Diffusion: Is the movement of dissolved particles across a semipermeable
membrane from the side with the higher concentration to the side with the lower
concentration. This difference in solute concentration on each side of the
membrane is called concentration gradient. The higher the concentration
gradient, the faster diffusion occurs. Once the concentration of a dissolved
particle is the same on both sides of the semipermeable membrane, diffusion
stops.
● Osmosis: Is a chemical process by which dissolved chemicals will migrate from
an area of high concentration to one of low
concentration. Essentially if you dissolve something in a liquid, the dissolved
compounds (called solutes) will spread out until there is an equal concentration of
solute everywhere.
What are the kidneys excretory functions - CORRECT ANSWER-To normalize
electrolytes, remove wastes, provide fluid and nutrient balance
What is the function of the acid concentration - CORRECT ANSWER-Provides the
concentration gradient for diffusion and helps normalize electrolytes
What is the function of bicarbonate - CORRECT ANSWER-Buffers the acid
concentrate
Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER-> 5.5 mEq: extreme
muscle weakness, abnormal heart rhythm, possible cardiac arrest
, Signs and symptoms of fluid imbalance - CORRECT ANSWER-Edema,
hypertension, shortness of breath
Systemic effects of CKD what would you advise for a patient who complains of:
dry itchy skin, peripheral neuropathy(nerve pain in extremities) and gi problems -
CORRECT ANSWER-Use hyper-fatted soaps and lotions, monitor patient for
changes in motor function and inform RN and physician of any bleeding
problems/constipation/diarrhea
What is the consequences of prolonged fluid overload and hypertension -
CORRECT ANSWER-Left ventricular hypertrophy
What is Percarditis? - CORRECT ANSWER-Inflammation of the membrane
(pericardial sac) around the heart
What is a common cause of hypertension in dialysis patients - CORRECT
ANSWER-fluid overload
Left ventricular hypertrophy leads to - CORRECT ANSWER-Ischemic heart
disease, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and sudden death
Why are dialysis patients anemic? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. the lifespan of their
red blood cell is 60 days 1/2 of the normal 120 days.
