ACING BIOS 255 EXAM 4 WITH AN A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PLAYBOOK

ACING BIOS 255 EXAM 4 WITH AN A+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS PLAYBOOK What are the 2 type of immune response? Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity Which lines of defense make up innate immunity? 1st and 2nd line of defense Innate Immunity characteristics Non-specific resistance Present at birth 1st & 2nd line of defense What is the 1st line of defense? Skin & Mucous Membranes What is the 2nd line of defense? Internal Defenses The 1st line of defense is made up of what 2 types? Mechanical Defense & Chemical Defense What are the mechanical defenses in innate immunity skin mucous membranes tears saliva mucus cillia epiglottis urine defecating vomiting What are the chemical defenses in innate immunity sebum lysozyme gastric juices What makes up the internal defenses of innate immunity antimicrobial proteins natural killer cells Fever Phagocytes Inflammation Complement system Interferons (IFN) steps of phagocytosis chemotaxis Adherence Ingestion Digestion killing What happens in inflammation? redness/pain/heat/swelling Vasodilation & increase permeability of blood vessels phagocytes migrate from blood to injury PRISH What do interferons do? protect the uninfected host cell from viral infection adaptive immunity definition ability of body to defend itself against specific invading agents adaptive immunity characteristics Specific immunity has both specificity and memory 2 types what are the 2 types of adaptive immunity cell mediated and antibody mediated What is Cell Mediated Immunity Specific immunity that only uses T cells antibody-mediated immunity produces antibody B cells in response to antigen. Either works alone or with Helper T cells (humoral) Immunogenicity ability to provoke immune response Reactivity ability of antigen to react specifically to antibody it provokes What are epitopes? receptors on B & T cells Binding site B Cells in antigen processing Recognize and bind to antigens in lymph, interstitial fluid and blood T Cells in antigen processing only recognize fragments of antigenic proteins (MHC) What is antigen presentation? the antigen-MHC complex is inserted into plasma membrane of body cell Exogenous Antigen processing Organism begins OUTSIDE the cell MHC II Endogenous Antigen Processing Organism begins INSIDE the cell MHC I Cytokines small protein hormones (paracrine secretions) that stimulate or inhibit many normal cell functions Interleukin 2 (IL -2) Secreted by Helper T Cells costimulate proliferation of helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and B cells activate NK cells Interleukin 1 (IL-1) produce macrophages promotes proliferation of helper T cells acts on hypothalamus to cause fever Where are MHC I found? present in all cells Where are MHC II found? only on antigen presenting cells what are the 2 types of T cells? Helper CD4 T Cells and Cytotoxic CD8 T cells Helper T cell proliferation steps -Antigen Cell comes in -Antigen recognition due to costimulation -inactive helper T cells bind with MHC II -helper T cells activated -clonal selection forms helper t cell clone -creates memory helper t cell & active helper t cell cytotoxic T cell proliferation steps -infected body cell -Helper T cell costimulation -MHC I binds and creates inactive cytotoxic T cells -CT cells activated -Formation of CT cell clone - creates active CT cell & memory CT cell what are the 2 pathways of cytotoxic t cells? use of granzymes use of granulysin Cytotoxic T cells with granzymes