Pharmacology CNS Drugs EXAM 2025
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW!!
Tolerance - Answers - ✔✔state where one must increase the dose of a drug in order to
achieve or maintain the desired effect
(all narcotics, barbiturates, alcohol, tobacco)
2 types of tolerance:
metabolic
receptor - Answers - ✔✔Metabolic: enzymes system working differently; breaking the
drug down faster; eliminating the drug faster so increase in dose to keep the therapeutic
level
Receptor: up regulation or down regulation of receptors and therefore altering the need
for different drugs
Drug abuse - Answers - ✔✔difficult to define; conveys notion of chronic use and social
disapproval; using a drug that is inconsistent with medical or social norms
Physical dependence - Answers - ✔✔an adaptive physiological state that occurs after
administration of a drug that manifest itself by physical disturbances when the drug is
withdrawn (withdrawal syndrome)
Psychological dependence - Answers - ✔✔a state of emotional reliance upon a drugs in
order to maintain a state of well-being. Tolerance, if it does occur, is of the "metabolic"
type so there are no withdrawal symptoms
Withdrawal syndrome - Answers - ✔✔a group of sign and symptoms that occur in
physical dependent individuals when they discontinue drug use. usually the effect of the
withdrawal is the opposite of the known effect of the drug.
In reality, dependence causing drug usually are? - Answers - ✔✔Both physical
dependence and psychological dependence at the same time. they are on a continuum
between the two extremes w/ some features of both
Because addiction deals with "compulsion" to "self-administer" a drug, many agents that
have strong psychological "hooks" are very addicting even though their degree of
, physical dependence is not that high - Answers - ✔✔Degree of physical dependence is
NOT equivalent with degree of addiction
How does the CNS stimulants work? - Answers - ✔✔substances increase the
excitability of the CNS
What are the 3 types of stimulants discussed in class? - Answers - ✔✔1. amphetamines
2. Xanthines
3. Cocaine
Amphetamines stimulant:
Responses observed upon administration: - Answers - ✔✔1. increased alertness,
wakefulness, decreased fatigue
2. euphoria
3. decreased appetite, but not psychological eating
Amphetamines stimulant:
Mechanism of action: - Answers - ✔✔increase norepi and dopamine
Amphetamines stimulant:
Therapeutic uses - Answers - ✔✔1. narcolepsy
2. weight control
3. attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder ADHD
Amphetamines stimulant:
what medication is used most often to treat ADHD?
MOA? - Answers - ✔✔Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is used most often
MOA:
increase norepi and dopamine
Amphetamines stimulant:
Side or toxic effect in ADHD kids - Answers - ✔✔1. sleeplessness, excessive crying,
etc.
2. suppression of growth that can be reversed if quit before bone closure
Amphetamines stimulant:
Side or toxic effects - Answers - ✔✔1. CNS - nervousness, anxiety, sleeplessness
2. Cardiovascular - increased h.r., b.p., and possibly arrhythmias
3. weight loss and malnutrition
4. bone marrow suppression
Amphetamines stimulant:
Contraindications/Cautions - Answers - ✔✔Contraindications:
1. Insomnia or psychological disorders
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED
A+||BRAND NEW!!
Tolerance - Answers - ✔✔state where one must increase the dose of a drug in order to
achieve or maintain the desired effect
(all narcotics, barbiturates, alcohol, tobacco)
2 types of tolerance:
metabolic
receptor - Answers - ✔✔Metabolic: enzymes system working differently; breaking the
drug down faster; eliminating the drug faster so increase in dose to keep the therapeutic
level
Receptor: up regulation or down regulation of receptors and therefore altering the need
for different drugs
Drug abuse - Answers - ✔✔difficult to define; conveys notion of chronic use and social
disapproval; using a drug that is inconsistent with medical or social norms
Physical dependence - Answers - ✔✔an adaptive physiological state that occurs after
administration of a drug that manifest itself by physical disturbances when the drug is
withdrawn (withdrawal syndrome)
Psychological dependence - Answers - ✔✔a state of emotional reliance upon a drugs in
order to maintain a state of well-being. Tolerance, if it does occur, is of the "metabolic"
type so there are no withdrawal symptoms
Withdrawal syndrome - Answers - ✔✔a group of sign and symptoms that occur in
physical dependent individuals when they discontinue drug use. usually the effect of the
withdrawal is the opposite of the known effect of the drug.
In reality, dependence causing drug usually are? - Answers - ✔✔Both physical
dependence and psychological dependence at the same time. they are on a continuum
between the two extremes w/ some features of both
Because addiction deals with "compulsion" to "self-administer" a drug, many agents that
have strong psychological "hooks" are very addicting even though their degree of
, physical dependence is not that high - Answers - ✔✔Degree of physical dependence is
NOT equivalent with degree of addiction
How does the CNS stimulants work? - Answers - ✔✔substances increase the
excitability of the CNS
What are the 3 types of stimulants discussed in class? - Answers - ✔✔1. amphetamines
2. Xanthines
3. Cocaine
Amphetamines stimulant:
Responses observed upon administration: - Answers - ✔✔1. increased alertness,
wakefulness, decreased fatigue
2. euphoria
3. decreased appetite, but not psychological eating
Amphetamines stimulant:
Mechanism of action: - Answers - ✔✔increase norepi and dopamine
Amphetamines stimulant:
Therapeutic uses - Answers - ✔✔1. narcolepsy
2. weight control
3. attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder ADHD
Amphetamines stimulant:
what medication is used most often to treat ADHD?
MOA? - Answers - ✔✔Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is used most often
MOA:
increase norepi and dopamine
Amphetamines stimulant:
Side or toxic effect in ADHD kids - Answers - ✔✔1. sleeplessness, excessive crying,
etc.
2. suppression of growth that can be reversed if quit before bone closure
Amphetamines stimulant:
Side or toxic effects - Answers - ✔✔1. CNS - nervousness, anxiety, sleeplessness
2. Cardiovascular - increased h.r., b.p., and possibly arrhythmias
3. weight loss and malnutrition
4. bone marrow suppression
Amphetamines stimulant:
Contraindications/Cautions - Answers - ✔✔Contraindications:
1. Insomnia or psychological disorders
