UNE: PHSL 1010 Exam 1 Study Guide with 100%
correct Answers 2025
integral proteins - Answer-Penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer.
Commerce via facilitated or active.
/.peripheral protein - Answer-A protein loosely bound to the surface of a membrane or to
part of an integral protein and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.
/.Carbohydrate group - Answer-Linked with protein or lipids and function as adhesion.
/.Cholesterol - Answer-Steroid common in cell membranes, also in many hormones.
Functions as support make the membrane more rigid and less soluble.
/.Structural protein - Answer-1. Help create cell junctions that hold tissues together
2. Connect membrane to cytoskeleton to maintain the shape of the cell
3. Attach cells to the EC matrix by linking cytoskeleton fibers to EC collagen and other
protein fibers.
/.Membrane Enzyme (Protein) - Answer-Catalyze chemical reactions that take place on
the inside or external surface of the cell.
Transfer signals from EC environment to cytoplasm.
/.Membrane Receptor Proteins - Answer-Membrane protein with carbohydrates
attached that helps cells identify "self" and plays a role in blood types, organ
transplants, and germ recognition.
/.Membrane Transport Proteins - Answer-Moves molecules across membranes.
1. Typically involving ATP to transport small molecules or ions across membranes.
2. SLC superfamily include most facilitated diffusion transporters as well as some active
transporters
/.Carrier Protein (Membrane Transport Proteins) - Answer-A membrane protein,
specifically a transport protein, that holds onto molecules and changes their shapes in a
way that shuttles them across the membrane.
They are either open to the ICF or the ECF but not both at once
, /.Channel Proteins (Membrane Transport Proteins - Answer-Crete water-filled
passageways that directly link the ICF and ECF.
That is to say can be open at the same time to the ICF and ECF
/.Limitations of Channel Proteins (Membrane Transport Proteins) - Answer-Allows more
rapid transport across the membrane but generally are limited to moving small ions and
water
/.Limitations of Carrier Proteins (Membrane Transport Proteins) - Answer-Slower
transport but can move larger molecules
/.adhesion proteins - Answer-membrane proteins that form junctions between adjacent
cells
/.simple diffusion (passive transport) - Answer-Nonpolar lipid soluble substances diffuse
directly through the phospholipid bilayer. (Solids Only)
/.facilitated diffusion - Answer-Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes
through protein channels down their concentration gradient.
I.E Glucose
/.primary active transport - Answer-Active transport that relies directly on the hydrolysis
of ATP.
Goes against electrochemical gradient. (low conc. to high conc.)
/.secondary active transport - Answer-Form of active transport which does not use ATP
as an energy source; rather, transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration
gradient established by primary active transport.
/.transport/channel proteins - Answer-allow passage of hydrophilic substances across
the membrane
/.gated channel protein - Answer-A transport protein that opens a "gate," allowing a
molecule to flow through the membrane and allowing no movement when closed.
/.Chemically Gated Channels - Answer-controlled by intracellular messenger molecules
or extracellular ligands that bind to the channel protein
/.Voltage-Gated Channels - Answer-open and close when the electrical state of the cell
changes
/.Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels - Answer-Allows the rapid influx of sodium ion
channels contributing to the rising phase of action potentials
correct Answers 2025
integral proteins - Answer-Penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer.
Commerce via facilitated or active.
/.peripheral protein - Answer-A protein loosely bound to the surface of a membrane or to
part of an integral protein and not embedded in the lipid bilayer.
/.Carbohydrate group - Answer-Linked with protein or lipids and function as adhesion.
/.Cholesterol - Answer-Steroid common in cell membranes, also in many hormones.
Functions as support make the membrane more rigid and less soluble.
/.Structural protein - Answer-1. Help create cell junctions that hold tissues together
2. Connect membrane to cytoskeleton to maintain the shape of the cell
3. Attach cells to the EC matrix by linking cytoskeleton fibers to EC collagen and other
protein fibers.
/.Membrane Enzyme (Protein) - Answer-Catalyze chemical reactions that take place on
the inside or external surface of the cell.
Transfer signals from EC environment to cytoplasm.
/.Membrane Receptor Proteins - Answer-Membrane protein with carbohydrates
attached that helps cells identify "self" and plays a role in blood types, organ
transplants, and germ recognition.
/.Membrane Transport Proteins - Answer-Moves molecules across membranes.
1. Typically involving ATP to transport small molecules or ions across membranes.
2. SLC superfamily include most facilitated diffusion transporters as well as some active
transporters
/.Carrier Protein (Membrane Transport Proteins) - Answer-A membrane protein,
specifically a transport protein, that holds onto molecules and changes their shapes in a
way that shuttles them across the membrane.
They are either open to the ICF or the ECF but not both at once
, /.Channel Proteins (Membrane Transport Proteins - Answer-Crete water-filled
passageways that directly link the ICF and ECF.
That is to say can be open at the same time to the ICF and ECF
/.Limitations of Channel Proteins (Membrane Transport Proteins) - Answer-Allows more
rapid transport across the membrane but generally are limited to moving small ions and
water
/.Limitations of Carrier Proteins (Membrane Transport Proteins) - Answer-Slower
transport but can move larger molecules
/.adhesion proteins - Answer-membrane proteins that form junctions between adjacent
cells
/.simple diffusion (passive transport) - Answer-Nonpolar lipid soluble substances diffuse
directly through the phospholipid bilayer. (Solids Only)
/.facilitated diffusion - Answer-Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes
through protein channels down their concentration gradient.
I.E Glucose
/.primary active transport - Answer-Active transport that relies directly on the hydrolysis
of ATP.
Goes against electrochemical gradient. (low conc. to high conc.)
/.secondary active transport - Answer-Form of active transport which does not use ATP
as an energy source; rather, transport is coupled to ion diffusion down a concentration
gradient established by primary active transport.
/.transport/channel proteins - Answer-allow passage of hydrophilic substances across
the membrane
/.gated channel protein - Answer-A transport protein that opens a "gate," allowing a
molecule to flow through the membrane and allowing no movement when closed.
/.Chemically Gated Channels - Answer-controlled by intracellular messenger molecules
or extracellular ligands that bind to the channel protein
/.Voltage-Gated Channels - Answer-open and close when the electrical state of the cell
changes
/.Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels - Answer-Allows the rapid influx of sodium ion
channels contributing to the rising phase of action potentials
