TNCC Notes for Written Exam LATEST LATEST A+

TNCC Notes for Written Exam LATEST2
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024-2025 LATEST A+ v v




TNCC Notes for Written Exam
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Whatvisvkinematics?v-
✅vAvbranchvofvmechanicsv(energyvtransfer)vthatvrefersvtovmotionvandvdoesvnotvconsidervt
hevconceptsvofvforcevandvmassv ofvthevobjectv orvbody.

WhatvisvNewton'svFirstvLaw?v -
✅vAvbodyvatvrestvwillvremainvatvrest.vAvbodyvinvmotionvwillvremainvinvmotionvuntilvacted
v onvbyvanvoutsidevforce.




WhatvisvthevLawvofv ConservationvofvEnergy?v-
✅vEnergyvcanvneithervbevcreatedv norvdestroyed.v Itv isvonlyvchangedvfromvonevformvtovanot
her.

Whatvisv Newton'svSecondvLaw?v-
✅vForcev equalsvmassvmultipliedvbyvaccelerationvofvdeceleration.

Whatvisvkineticvenergyv(KE)?v -
✅vKEvequalsv1/2v thevmassv (M)v multipliedvbyvthevvelocityvsquared.

Whatvisvthev Mnemonicvforvthev InitialvAssessment?v-
✅vAv=vAirwayvwithvsimultaneousvcervicalvspinevprotectionv
Bv=vBreathing
Cv =v Circulation
Dv =v Disabilityv(neurologicvstatus)
Ev =v Expose/Environmentalvcontrolsv(removev clothingvandvkeepvthev patientvwarm)

Whatvisvthev Mnemonicvforvthev SecondaryvAssessment?v-
✅vFv=vFullvsetvofvVS/Focusedvadjunctsv(includesvcardiacvmonitor,vurinaryvcatheter,va
ndvgastricv tube)/Familyvpresence
Gv=vGivevcomfortvmeasuresv(verbalvreassurance,vtouch,vandvpharmacologicvandvnonpha
rmacologicvmanagementvofvpain).
Hv =v HxvandvHead-to-
toev assessmentvIv=vInspectvposteriorvs
urfaces

Wherevdovyouvlistenvtov auscultatevbreathvsounds?v-
✅vAuscultatevthevlungsvbilaterallyvatvthevsecondvintercostalvspacevmidclavicularvlinevand
vatv thevfifthvintercostalvspacevatv thevanteriorvaxillaryvlinve.




Whatvarevthevlatevsignsvofv breathingvcompromise?v -
✅v-vTrachealvdeviation
v-v JVD




Whatvarev signsvofv ineffectivevbreathing?v-
✅v-vAMS

,TNCC Notes for Written Exam LATEST2
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024-2025 LATEST A+ v v




- Cyanosis,vespeciallyvaroundvthevmouth
v v

- Asymmetricv expansionvofvchestvwall
v v

v-v Paradoxicalvmovementvofv thev chestvwallvduringvinspirationvandvexpiration

v-

v Usevofv accessoryvmusclesvorvabdominalvmusclesvorvbothv orv diaphragmaticvbreathing

v-v Suckingvchestvwounds

v-v Absentvorvdiminishedvbreathv sounds

v-v AdministervO2v viav NRBvorv assistvventilationsvwithv avbag-maskv device,vasvindicated

v-v Anticipatevdefinitivevairwayvmanagementvtov supportv ventilation.




Uponvinitialvassessment,vwhatvtypevofvoxygenvshouldvbevusedvforvavptvbreathingveffectivel
y?v-
✅vAv tight-fittingvnonrebreathervmaskvatv12-15v lpm.

Whatvinterventionv shouldvbevdonevifvav ptv presentsvwithv effectivevcirculation?v -
✅v-v Insertv 2vlargevcalibervIV's
v-v Administervwarmedv isotonicvcrystalloidvsolutionvatvanv appropriatevrate




Whatvarev signsvofv ineffectivevcirculation?v -
✅v-v Tachycardia
v-v AMS

v-v Uncontrolledvexternalvbleeding

v-v Pale,vcool,vmoistv skin

v-v Distendedvorv abnormallyvflattenedvexternalvjugularvveins

v-v Distantvheartvsounds




Whatvarev thev interventionsvforvEffective/IneffectivevCirculation?v -
✅v-v Controlvanyvuncontrolledvexternalvbleedingvby:
v-v Applyingvdirectvpressurevoverv bleedingvsite

v-v Elevatingv bleedingv extremity

v-v Applyingvpressurevovervarterialv pressurevpoints

v-v Usingvtourniquetv(lastvresort).

v-v Cannulatev2vlarge-

calibervIV'sv andvinitiatevinfusionsvofvanv isotonicvcrystalloidvsolution
v-v Usev warmedv solution

v-v Usevpressurevbagsvtov increasevspeedvofv IVFv infusion

v-v Usev bloodv administrationv tubingvforvpossiblevadministrationv ofvblood

v-v Usev rapidvinfusionvdevicevbasedvonvprotocol

v-v UsevNSv 0.9%v invsamevtubingvasvbloodvproduct

v-v IVv =v surgicalvcut-down,vcentralvline,vorvboth.

v-v BloodvsamplevtovdeterminevABOvandvRhvgroup

v-v IOv invsternum,vlegs,varmsv orv pelvis

v-v Administervbloodv products

v-v PASGv (withoutvinterferingvwithv fluidvresuscitation)




Howvdov youvassessvMnemonicv"D"?v-
✅vDISABILITY

, TNCC Notes for Written Exam LATEST2
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024-2025 LATEST A+ v v




Av=v Alertv
Vv=vVerbalv
Pv=v Pain
Uv =v Unresponsive
v-v GCS

v-v PERRL?

v-v Determinev presencevofv lateralizingvsignsvincluding:

v-v Unilateralvdeteriorationv invmotorv movementsvorv unequalvpupils

v-v Symptomsv thatvhelpvtov locatevareav ofvinjuryvinvbrain




Whatvarev thev interventionsvforvDisability?v -
✅v-
v Ifv assessmentvindicatesvav decreasedv LOC,vconductvfurthervinvestigationv duringvseconda

ryvfocusedvassessments
v-v Ifv ptvisvnotvalertv orvverbal,v continuevtovmonitorvforv anyvcompromisevtov ABC's

v-

v Ifv ptvdemonstratesv signsvofvherniationv orvneurologicvdeterioration,vconsidervhyperventilat

ion.

Whatvisv assessedv andvintervenedvforvExpose/EnvironmentalvControls?v -
✅v-v Removev clothing
v-v Ensurevappropriatev decontaminationv ifvexposedvtov hazardousvmaterial

v-v Keepvptv warm

v-v Keepv clothingvforvevidence




Whatvisv thev firstvthingvassessedvundervthevSecondaryvAssessment?v -
✅vFULLvSETvVSv/v FOCUSEDvADJUNCTSv/v FAMILYv PRESENCE
v-v ABCDEvshouldvbevcompleted

v-v Labs,v X-rays,v CT,v Foley,

v-v Familyv Presence




Whatvisv thev secondvthingvassessedvundervthevSecondaryvAssessment?v -
✅vGIVEv COMFORTvMEASURES
v-v Talkingvtov pt

v-v Pharmacologic/Nonpharmacologicvpainv management

v-v Observev forvphysicalvsignsvofvpain




Whatvisv assessedv undervthevMnemonicv"H"?v -
✅vHISTORYv /vHEAD-TO-TOEv ASSESSMENT
v-vMIVT

v-v Mv =v Mechanismvofvinjury

v-v Iv =v Injuriesvsustained

v-v Vv =v Vitalv Signs

v-vTv=vTreatment

v-v Ptv generatedvinformation

v-v PMH

v-v Head-to-toev assessment




Whatvisv assessedv undervthevMnemonicv"I"?v-