Chemistry 10th Edition Zumdahl Solutions Manual.pdf

STUDENTm


SOLUTION
MANUAL
m

, CHAPTER 1 m




CHEMISTRY: THE STUDY OF CHANGE m m m m




Problem mCategories
Biological:m1.24,m1.48,m1.69,m1.70,m1.78,m1.84,m1.93,m1.95,m1.96,m1.97,m1.105.
Conceptual:m1.3,m1.4,m1.11,m1.12,m1.15,m1.16,m1.54,m1.62,m1.89,m1.101,m1.103.
Environmental:m1.70,m1.87,m1.89,m1.92,m1.98.
Industrial:m1.51,m1.55,m1.72,m1.81,m1.91.

DifficultymLevel
Easy:m1.3,m1.11,m1.13,m1.14,m1.15,m1.21,m1.22,m1.23,m1.24,m1.25,m1.26,m1.29,m1.30,m1.31,m1.32,m1.33,m1.34,m1.54,m1.55,m1.63,
1.64,m1.77,m1.80,m1.84,m1.89,m1.91.
Medium:m1.4,m1.12,m1.16,m1.35,m1.36,m1.37,m1.38,m1.39,m1.40,m1.41,m1.42,m1.43,m1.44,m1.45,m1.46,m1.47,m1.48,m1.49,m1.50,
1.51,m1.52,m1.53,m1.56,m1.57,m1.59,m1.60,m1.61,m1.62,m1.70,m1.71,m1.72,m1.73,m1.74,m1.75,m1.76,m1.78,m1.79,m1.81,m1.82,m1.83,
1.85,m1.94,m1.95,m1.96,m1.97,m1.98.
Difficult:m1.58,m1.65,m1.66,m1.67,m1.68,m1.69,m1.86,m1.87,m1.88,m1.90,m1.92,m1.93,m1.99,m1.100,m1.101,m1.102,m1.103,m1.104,
1.105,m1.106.


1.3 (a) Quantitative.m Thismstatement mclearly minvolvesma mmeasurable mdistance.
(b) Qualitative.m Thismisma mvaluemjudgment.m Theremismno mnumericalmscalemof mmeasurement mformar
tisticmexcellence.
(c) Qualitative.m If mthemnumericalmvaluesmformthemdensitiesmof micemand mwatermweremgiven,mitmwould
mbe ma mquantitative mstatement.


(d) Qualitative.m Anothermvaluemjudgment.
(e) Qualitative.m Even mthough mnumbersmareminvolved,mthey maremnot mthemresult mof mmeasurement.

1.4 (a) hypothesis (b) law (c) theory

1.11 (a)
Chemicalmproperty.m Oxygen mgasmismconsumed min ma mcombustion mreaction; mitsmcomposition mand mid
entity maremchanged.
(b) Chemicalmproperty.m Themfertilizermismconsumed mby mthemgrowingmplants; mit mismturned minto mvegetablem
matterm(different mcomposition).
(c) Physicalmproperty.m Themmeasurement mof mthemboilingmpoint mof mwatermdoesmnot mchangemitsmidenti
ty mormcomposition.
(d) Physicalmproperty.m Themmeasurementmof mthemdensitiesmof mlead mand maluminummdoesmnotmchangem
theirmcomposition.
(e) Chemicalmproperty.m When muranium mundergoesmnuclearmdecay,mthemproductsmaremchemically mdiffe
rent msubstances.

1.12 (a) Physicalmchange.m Themhelium misn't mchanged min many mway mby mleakingmoutmof mthemballoon.
(b) Chemicalmchangemin mthembattery.
(c) Physicalmchange.m Themorangemjuicemconcentrate mcan mbemregenerated mby mevaporation mof mthemwater.
(d) Chemicalmchange.m Photosynthesismchangesmwater,mcarbon mdioxide,metc.,minto mcomplex morganicmmatter.
(e) Physicalmchange.m Themsalt mcan mbemrecovered munchanged mby mevaporation.

,2 CHAPTERm1:m CHEMISTRY--
THEmSTUDYmOFmCHANGE


1.13 Li,mlithium; mF,mfluorine; mP,mphosphorus; mCu,mcopper; mAs,marsenic; mZn,mzinc; mCl,mchlorine; mPt,mplati
num; mMg,mmagnesium; mU,muranium; mAl,maluminum; mSi,msilicon; mNe,mneon.

1.14 (a) K (b) Sn (c) Cr (d) B (e) Ba
(f) Pu (g) S (h) Ar (i) Hg

1.15 (a) element (b) compound (c) element (d) compound

1.16 (a) homogeneousmmixture (b) element (c) compound
(d) homogeneousmmixture (e) heterogeneousmmixture (f) homogeneousmmixture
(g) heterogeneousmmixture

mass
1.21 density m = 586 m =m 3.12 m g/mL
g =m m
volume 188 m mL


1.22
Strategy:m Wemaremgiven mthemdensity mand mvolumemof ma mliquid mand masked mtomcalculatemthemmass
mof mthemliquid.mRearrangemthemdensity mequation,mEquation m(1.1)mof mthemtext,mto msolvemformmass.
massm
density m
= volume

Solution:
massm =m density mmvolume
0.798 mgm
massmof methanol m m17. mL =m 13.9 m g
= 41 mmL


5Cm
1.23 ?mCm =m (Fm −m 32F)mm
9Fm
5C
(a) ?mCm =m (95 m−m 32)Fmm 35C
m
=
(b) 9Fm −m11C
5C
?mCm =m (12 m −m32)Fmm
m
=
9Fm
5C
(c) ?mCm =m (102 m −m 32)Fmm 39C
m
=
9Fm
5Cm
(d) ?mCm =m (1852 m −m 32)Fmm =m 1011C
9F
 9Fmm m

(e) ?mFm =m Cmm  +m 32F
5Cm
 
m 9Fmm
?mFm =m −273.15Cmm  +m 32 −m459.67F
 5Cm
Fm =



1.24
Strategy:m Find mthemappropriate mequationsmformconvertingmbetween mFahrenheit mand mCelsiusma
nd mbetween mCelsiusmand mFahrenheit mgiven min mSection m1.7 mof mthemtext.m Substitutemthemtemperaturemval

, CHAPTERm1:m CHEMISTRY-- 3
THEmSTUDYmOFmCHANGE



uesmgiven min mthemproblem minto mthemappropriate mequation.

(a) Conversion mfrom mFahrenheit mto mCelsius.
5Cm
?mCm =m (Fm −m32F)mm
9Fm