GEO 793- Geography of Toronto -
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Final Exam fully solved & updated 202
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5(GUARANTEED SUCCESS) m
Gentrification: - m
manswer A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a pre
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dominantly low-income renter- m m
occupied area to a predominantly middle-class/higher owner-
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occupied area. m
Pros of Gentrification: -
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answer 1) A more esthetically appealing neighborhood
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2) Increased public safety
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3) Increasing land values
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4) Decreased crime rates
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5) Decreasing urban sprawl
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6) Increasing options for food, retail outlets, and job
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Cons of Gentrification: - answer 1) Decrease in affordable housing
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,2) Decrease in affordable retail spaces
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3) Increased policing of communities of color
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4) Changes in the culture of the neighborhood
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5) Removal of low-income residents
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6) Increasing tensions within the local community
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Financialization: - m
manswer the process by which financial institutions, markets, etc., in
m m m m m m m m m
crease in size and influence.
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Financialization of housing market: - answer - m m m m m m
Housing as a financial asset vs housing as shelter
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- Multi-
m
family rental housing is increasingly been treated as a financial asse
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- Housing is treated as a commodity—
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a vehicle for wealth and investment—rather than a social good.
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Toronto as the ideal case study: - answer - It's a cycle
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m + Highly gentrified
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,m - Buying property & renovating it and sell it for a higher price
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+ Located at the center of Canada's largest CMA
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+ Large rental sector
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m - 46% of households are renters
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m-
mCMA includes areas surrounding the city (Richmond Hill, Ajax, etc
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)
+ Canada's financial centre
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From social housing to vacancy decontrol: - answer 1950s-1970s
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+ Apartment construction was massive in the city
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1980s-1990s
+ rental housing construction declined in favour of condominium d
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evelopment
1990s
+ The decline of social housing construction in the 1990s
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+ In early 1990's
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m* Federal gov't says they don't have $$$ to help fund public housin
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g
+ In mid 1990's
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m * Provincial gov't wouldn't support/fund public housing
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, 1997
+ The 1997 Tenant Protection Act and vacancy decontrol
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The 1997 Tenant Protection Act: -
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answer a law passed that if you were already renting from somebo
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dy, you can't double or triple the rent
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-
mIf instead the place is vacant & you're deciding to rent it out right
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now, then you can set it to whatever you want
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Financialization of rental housing in Toronto: - answer - m m m m m m m m
Financialization of rental housing started as a way to capitalize on:
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m • Deregulation
m
m • Downloading
m
• Lack of affordable housing
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-
mPrivate real estate companies' transformation into Real Estate Inve
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stment Trusts (REITs) m m
Downloading: - m
answer process of passing on responsibility to someone else
m m m m m m m m m
m m m m m
Final Exam fully solved & updated 202
m m m m m m m
5(GUARANTEED SUCCESS) m
Gentrification: - m
manswer A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a pre
m m m m m m m m m m
dominantly low-income renter- m m
occupied area to a predominantly middle-class/higher owner-
m m m m m m
occupied area. m
Pros of Gentrification: -
m m m
answer 1) A more esthetically appealing neighborhood
m m m m m m m
2) Increased public safety
m m m
3) Increasing land values
m m m
4) Decreased crime rates
m m m
5) Decreasing urban sprawl
m m m
6) Increasing options for food, retail outlets, and job
m m m m m m m m
Cons of Gentrification: - answer 1) Decrease in affordable housing
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,2) Decrease in affordable retail spaces
m m m m m
3) Increased policing of communities of color
m m m m m m
4) Changes in the culture of the neighborhood
m m m m m m m
5) Removal of low-income residents
m m m m
6) Increasing tensions within the local community
m m m m m m
Financialization: - m
manswer the process by which financial institutions, markets, etc., in
m m m m m m m m m
crease in size and influence.
m m m m
Financialization of housing market: - answer - m m m m m m
Housing as a financial asset vs housing as shelter
m m m m m m m m m
- Multi-
m
family rental housing is increasingly been treated as a financial asse
m m m m m m m m m m
- Housing is treated as a commodity—
m m m m m m
a vehicle for wealth and investment—rather than a social good.
m m m m m m m m m
Toronto as the ideal case study: - answer - It's a cycle
m m m m m m m m m m m
m + Highly gentrified
m m
,m - Buying property & renovating it and sell it for a higher price
m m m m m m m m m m m m
+ Located at the center of Canada's largest CMA
m m m m m m m m
+ Large rental sector
m m m
m - 46% of households are renters
m m m m m
m-
mCMA includes areas surrounding the city (Richmond Hill, Ajax, etc
m m m m m m m m m
)
+ Canada's financial centre
m m m
From social housing to vacancy decontrol: - answer 1950s-1970s
m m m m m m m m
+ Apartment construction was massive in the city
m m m m m m m
1980s-1990s
+ rental housing construction declined in favour of condominium d
m m m m m m m m m
evelopment
1990s
+ The decline of social housing construction in the 1990s
m m m m m m m m m
+ In early 1990's
m m m
m* Federal gov't says they don't have $$$ to help fund public housin
m m m m m m m m m m m m
g
+ In mid 1990's
m m m
m * Provincial gov't wouldn't support/fund public housing
m m m m m m
, 1997
+ The 1997 Tenant Protection Act and vacancy decontrol
m m m m m m m m
The 1997 Tenant Protection Act: -
m m m m m
answer a law passed that if you were already renting from somebo
m m m m m m m m m m m m
dy, you can't double or triple the rent
m m m m m m m
-
mIf instead the place is vacant & you're deciding to rent it out right
m m m m m m m m m m m m m m
now, then you can set it to whatever you want
m m m m m m m m m
Financialization of rental housing in Toronto: - answer - m m m m m m m m
Financialization of rental housing started as a way to capitalize on:
m m m m m m m m m m m
m • Deregulation
m
m • Downloading
m
• Lack of affordable housing
m m m m
-
mPrivate real estate companies' transformation into Real Estate Inve
m m m m m m m m
stment Trusts (REITs) m m
Downloading: - m
answer process of passing on responsibility to someone else
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