Respiration
- all living cells all the time: release chem en stored in food to support living activities
- energy
- 55% lost as heat
- 45% ADP (compound w/ low en) + phosphate > ATP (compound w/ high en)
enzymes
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy
(carbs/food)
complex organic simple inorganic
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
comparison with burning
burning respiration
site of occurence outside cells inside cells
enzymes? no yes (reaction-specific)
energy release uncontrolled controlled oxidative breakdown
one step (single reaction) stepwise (many reactions)
ATP formation 100% energy lost as heat 55% lost as heat
45% stored in ATP
ATP 1) Phosphorylation
- acts as energy carrier in cell it is - Phosphate + ADP > ATP
made - using energy released from
breakdown of glucose
- X be transferred from cell to cell
2) Breakdown of ATP
- ATP > Phosphate + ADP
- release of a small amt of energy
- drive individual cellular reactions
- Movement
, - muscle contraction
- cilia movement @ciliated
epithelium
- chromosome movement
@cell division
- Synthesis
- synthesis of large
biomolecules (protein, DNA)
- Transport
- Pumping molecules/ions
across CM by active
transport @mineral
absorption by plant roots
- Absorption of digested food
across wall of alimentary
canal in animals
Significance of respiration in ecosystems
- Cycling of molecules
- Photosynthesis: CO2 and H2O from surroundings converted into org
compounds
- Respiration: org compounds broken down into CO2 and H2O (substrates for
photosynthesis)
- Flow of energy
- Photosynthesis: light en from surroundings converted to chem en stored in
org food
- ATP as energy carrier
- Transfer light en captured by chlorophyll to make org compounds
- Feeding: chem en transferred to consumers along food chain
- Respiration: organisms break down org food, release energy as ATP and heat
- ATP as energy carrier
- Transfer energy released by oxidative breakdown of org compounds
to drive cellular metabolism
- all living cells all the time: release chem en stored in food to support living activities
- energy
- 55% lost as heat
- 45% ADP (compound w/ low en) + phosphate > ATP (compound w/ high en)
enzymes
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy
(carbs/food)
complex organic simple inorganic
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
comparison with burning
burning respiration
site of occurence outside cells inside cells
enzymes? no yes (reaction-specific)
energy release uncontrolled controlled oxidative breakdown
one step (single reaction) stepwise (many reactions)
ATP formation 100% energy lost as heat 55% lost as heat
45% stored in ATP
ATP 1) Phosphorylation
- acts as energy carrier in cell it is - Phosphate + ADP > ATP
made - using energy released from
breakdown of glucose
- X be transferred from cell to cell
2) Breakdown of ATP
- ATP > Phosphate + ADP
- release of a small amt of energy
- drive individual cellular reactions
- Movement
, - muscle contraction
- cilia movement @ciliated
epithelium
- chromosome movement
@cell division
- Synthesis
- synthesis of large
biomolecules (protein, DNA)
- Transport
- Pumping molecules/ions
across CM by active
transport @mineral
absorption by plant roots
- Absorption of digested food
across wall of alimentary
canal in animals
Significance of respiration in ecosystems
- Cycling of molecules
- Photosynthesis: CO2 and H2O from surroundings converted into org
compounds
- Respiration: org compounds broken down into CO2 and H2O (substrates for
photosynthesis)
- Flow of energy
- Photosynthesis: light en from surroundings converted to chem en stored in
org food
- ATP as energy carrier
- Transfer light en captured by chlorophyll to make org compounds
- Feeding: chem en transferred to consumers along food chain
- Respiration: organisms break down org food, release energy as ATP and heat
- ATP as energy carrier
- Transfer energy released by oxidative breakdown of org compounds
to drive cellular metabolism
