Test Bank for Fundamentals of Anatomy &
Physiology 11th Edition by Frederic Martini
LATEST VERSION A
Course
Nursing
1. Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
A) Support and structure
B) Blood cell production
C) Regulation of body temperature
D) Mineral storage
Answer: C) Regulation of body temperature
Rationale: The skeletal system provides structure, supports movement, stores minerals, and
produces blood cells, but it does not play a direct role in regulating body temperature. That is
primarily the role of the integumentary system.
2. Which of the following is the primary function of red blood cells (RBCs)?
A) Transport oxygen
B) Regulate immune responses
C) Form clots to stop bleeding
D) Carry out nerve transmission
Answer: A) Transport oxygen
Rationale: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen in the lungs and
transports it throughout the body to tissues and organs. They are not involved in immune
responses or clotting.
3. The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the
lungs and the blood is called:
A) Pulmonary ventilation
B) Cellular respiration
C) External respiration
D) Internal respiration
,Answer: C) External respiration
Rationale: External respiration refers to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the
lungs and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the tissue level.
4. Which of the following structures is part of the central nervous system?
A) Nerves
B) Spinal cord
C) Ganglia
D) Sensory receptors
Answer: B) Spinal cord
Rationale: The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. Nerves and
ganglia are part of the peripheral nervous system, and sensory receptors transmit signals to the
CNS.
5. Which of the following is the main component of the integumentary system?
A) Skin
B) Muscles
C) Bones
D) Endocrine glands
Answer: A) Skin
Rationale: The integumentary system consists mainly of the skin, along with hair, nails, and
glands. It protects the body, regulates temperature, and provides sensory information.
6. Which of the following is a function of the liver?
A) Secretion of insulin
B) Regulation of blood pressure
C) Detoxification of harmful substances
D) Storage of calcium
Answer: C) Detoxification of harmful substances
Rationale: The liver plays a crucial role in detoxifying harmful substances, synthesizing
proteins, producing bile, and metabolizing nutrients. It does not regulate blood pressure or store
calcium, which are functions of other systems.
,7. In the cardiovascular system, which vessel is responsible for carrying
oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body?
A) Pulmonary artery
B) Aorta
C) Superior vena cava
D) Pulmonary veins
Answer: B) Aorta
Rationale: The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of
the heart to the body. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
8. Which of the following is the main function of the kidneys?
A) Production of digestive enzymes
B) Regulation of blood sugar
C) Filtration of blood to remove waste
D) Production of red blood cells
Answer: C) Filtration of blood to remove waste
Rationale: The kidneys filter the blood, removing waste products and excess substances, which
are excreted as urine. They also help regulate electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and red blood
cell production through erythropoiesis.
9. Which of the following cells is responsible for producing myelin in the central
nervous system?
A) Schwann cells
B) Oligodendrocytes
C) Astrocytes
D) Microglia
Answer: B) Oligodendrocytes
Rationale: Oligodendrocytes are the cells that produce myelin in the central nervous system
(CNS). Schwann cells do the same in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Astrocytes and
microglia have different functions related to support and immune response.
10. What is the primary function of the small intestine?
, A) Absorption of nutrients
B) Detoxification of waste products
C) Storage of bile
D) Production of insulin
Answer: A) Absorption of nutrients
Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for the digestion and absorption of nutrients.
The stomach and large intestine are involved in digestion and waste elimination, while the liver
stores bile and produces insulin is secreted by the pancreas.
11. Which of the following is the most accurate description of the role of the mitochondria?
A) Synthesis of proteins
B) Control of cellular division
C) Production of ATP
D) Regulation of cellular waste
Answer: C) Production of ATP
Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell. They are responsible for
producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration, which provides energy for
various cellular activities.
12. The primary purpose of the enzyme amylase in the digestive process is to:
A) Break down proteins into amino acids
B) Breakdown fats into fatty acids and glycerol
C) Breakdown carbohydrates into simple sugars
D) Neutralize stomach acid
Answer: C) Breakdown carbohydrates into simple sugars
Rationale: Amylase is an enzyme that helps break down carbohydrates (like starches) into
simple sugars like maltose. This process begins in the mouth and continues in the small intestine.
13. Which of the following structures prevents food from entering the trachea during
swallowing?
A) Epiglottis
B) Uvula
C) Larynx
D) Pharynx
Physiology 11th Edition by Frederic Martini
LATEST VERSION A
Course
Nursing
1. Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
A) Support and structure
B) Blood cell production
C) Regulation of body temperature
D) Mineral storage
Answer: C) Regulation of body temperature
Rationale: The skeletal system provides structure, supports movement, stores minerals, and
produces blood cells, but it does not play a direct role in regulating body temperature. That is
primarily the role of the integumentary system.
2. Which of the following is the primary function of red blood cells (RBCs)?
A) Transport oxygen
B) Regulate immune responses
C) Form clots to stop bleeding
D) Carry out nerve transmission
Answer: A) Transport oxygen
Rationale: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen in the lungs and
transports it throughout the body to tissues and organs. They are not involved in immune
responses or clotting.
3. The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the
lungs and the blood is called:
A) Pulmonary ventilation
B) Cellular respiration
C) External respiration
D) Internal respiration
,Answer: C) External respiration
Rationale: External respiration refers to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the
lungs and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries. Internal respiration occurs at the tissue level.
4. Which of the following structures is part of the central nervous system?
A) Nerves
B) Spinal cord
C) Ganglia
D) Sensory receptors
Answer: B) Spinal cord
Rationale: The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. Nerves and
ganglia are part of the peripheral nervous system, and sensory receptors transmit signals to the
CNS.
5. Which of the following is the main component of the integumentary system?
A) Skin
B) Muscles
C) Bones
D) Endocrine glands
Answer: A) Skin
Rationale: The integumentary system consists mainly of the skin, along with hair, nails, and
glands. It protects the body, regulates temperature, and provides sensory information.
6. Which of the following is a function of the liver?
A) Secretion of insulin
B) Regulation of blood pressure
C) Detoxification of harmful substances
D) Storage of calcium
Answer: C) Detoxification of harmful substances
Rationale: The liver plays a crucial role in detoxifying harmful substances, synthesizing
proteins, producing bile, and metabolizing nutrients. It does not regulate blood pressure or store
calcium, which are functions of other systems.
,7. In the cardiovascular system, which vessel is responsible for carrying
oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body?
A) Pulmonary artery
B) Aorta
C) Superior vena cava
D) Pulmonary veins
Answer: B) Aorta
Rationale: The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of
the heart to the body. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
8. Which of the following is the main function of the kidneys?
A) Production of digestive enzymes
B) Regulation of blood sugar
C) Filtration of blood to remove waste
D) Production of red blood cells
Answer: C) Filtration of blood to remove waste
Rationale: The kidneys filter the blood, removing waste products and excess substances, which
are excreted as urine. They also help regulate electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and red blood
cell production through erythropoiesis.
9. Which of the following cells is responsible for producing myelin in the central
nervous system?
A) Schwann cells
B) Oligodendrocytes
C) Astrocytes
D) Microglia
Answer: B) Oligodendrocytes
Rationale: Oligodendrocytes are the cells that produce myelin in the central nervous system
(CNS). Schwann cells do the same in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Astrocytes and
microglia have different functions related to support and immune response.
10. What is the primary function of the small intestine?
, A) Absorption of nutrients
B) Detoxification of waste products
C) Storage of bile
D) Production of insulin
Answer: A) Absorption of nutrients
Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for the digestion and absorption of nutrients.
The stomach and large intestine are involved in digestion and waste elimination, while the liver
stores bile and produces insulin is secreted by the pancreas.
11. Which of the following is the most accurate description of the role of the mitochondria?
A) Synthesis of proteins
B) Control of cellular division
C) Production of ATP
D) Regulation of cellular waste
Answer: C) Production of ATP
Rationale: Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell. They are responsible for
producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through cellular respiration, which provides energy for
various cellular activities.
12. The primary purpose of the enzyme amylase in the digestive process is to:
A) Break down proteins into amino acids
B) Breakdown fats into fatty acids and glycerol
C) Breakdown carbohydrates into simple sugars
D) Neutralize stomach acid
Answer: C) Breakdown carbohydrates into simple sugars
Rationale: Amylase is an enzyme that helps break down carbohydrates (like starches) into
simple sugars like maltose. This process begins in the mouth and continues in the small intestine.
13. Which of the following structures prevents food from entering the trachea during
swallowing?
A) Epiglottis
B) Uvula
C) Larynx
D) Pharynx
