Pediatrics – Cardiac EXAM|COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH DETAILED QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS.|ALREADY GRADED A

Hypoplastic left heart - correct answer️️Left side of heart is underdeveloped. Left ventricle is small and aortic atresia. Most blood flows across patent foramen ovale to Right atrium..to Right ventricle and out the pulmonary artery. Descending aorta receives blood from the PDA to supply the systemic circulation. PDA closure rapid deterioration and CHF. TX: Keep ductus open w/ Prostaglandin E infusion. SURG TX: #1 is Norwood procedure to create a new aorta using the main pulmonary artery and creation of large ASD. #2 is Bidrectional Glenn Shunt at 6-9 mos age to reduce volume load on the R ventricle. #3 is modified Fontan procedure, similar to Tricuspid atresia repair. Transplant may be option for some pts. Mortality rate very high (30-50% mortality rates). treatment for SVT (supraventricular tachycardia) - correct answer️️bag of ice to face!!! What drug would u give for SVT? - correct answer️️Adenosine (has short half life fyi) what lab values would u run for patient on dig? - correct answer️️K Digoxin INFO - correct answer️️Dig to improve cardiac function (improve contractility) Angiotensin enzyme inhibitors which reduce the afterload on the heart Dig = works well in pediatrics Rapid onset, short ½ life Dig toxicity symptoms—vomiting, neuro signs, visual disturbances Lasix to remove excessive fluids—give Potassium supplements—foods bananas, green leafy vegs. What does Dig do? - correct answer️️improve cardiac function (improve contractility) what does Angotensin enzyme inhibitors do - correct answer️️reduce the afterload on the heart If you are giving lasix to remove excessive fluids what is your concern and treatment? - correct answer️️LOW k levels, treat with supplements, foods, bananas, green leafy veggies Endocaritis - correct answer️️BE, IE, or SBE Streptococci Staphylococci Fungal infections Prophylaxis Antibiotics : 1 hour before procedures (IV) or may use PO in some cases **HIGH Does AntiBiotics - Penicillin, amipicillin, methicillin, cloxacillin, streptomycin, or gentamicin Treat 2-8 weeks. If antbx unsuccessfulCHF develops, valvular damage Prophylax before dental procedures, bronchoscopy, T&A, SURGERIES - correct answer️️Carditis involves endocardium, pericardium, and myocardium; most commonly the mitral valve Arthritis is reversible and migrates, especially in large joints (knees, elbows, hips, shoulders, wrists) Erythema marginatum—Rash; usually on trunk and proximal portion of extremities. Red macule w/ clear center and wavy, well-demarcated border Sub-q nodules: small nontender nodules appear over bony prominences (hands, feet, elbows, scalp, scapulae, vertebrae) persist indefinitely after onset of the disease and resolve w/ no resulting damage. Aschoff bodies: Inflammed Hemorrhagic bullous lesions that cause swelling, fragmentation and alterations in connective tissue. Found in the heart, blood vessels, brain and on serous surfaces of joints and pleura clinical manifestations of Rhuematic fever - correct answer️️Carditis Polyarthritis Erythema marginatum Subcutaneous nodules