Chapter 01: Health: A Community ViewNies: Community/Public Hea
p p p p p p p
lth Nursing, 7th Edition p p p
MULTIPLE CHOICE p
1. Which best describes the primary reason that Americans are concerned about hea
p p p p p p p p p p p
lth care?
p
a. Politicians are discussing how to improve health care.p p p p p p p
b. The media has provided mixed messages about the health care system.
p p p p p p p p p p
c. Our national health care costs keep increasing.
p p p p p p
d. The new health care system offers free services to Americans.
p p p p p p p p p
ANS: C p
The primary reason for the focus on health care is the constantly increasing costs,
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
which cannot be sustained. The costs of caring for the sick accounted for the major
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
ity of escalating health care dollars, which increased from 5.7% of the gross dome
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
stic product in 1965 to 17.8% in 2015. Politicians and the media both influence A
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
mericans’ perceptions about health care; however, they are not the primary reason
p p p p p p p p p p p p
why Americans are concerned. The new healthcare system will change the health
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
care access and availability, but will not necessarily be offering any free services t
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
o Americans.
p
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) p p p
2. A nurse has begun to lobby with politicians for changes to the health care syste
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
m. Why is thisinvolvement important?
p p p p p
a. Nurses, as central characters in several popular TV series, are currently very
p p p p p p p p p p p
visible in American mediNa. I G B.C M
p p p
P P P
R ppp
b. Nurses are primarily responUsibS
le foNr mTanagingOthe various units in our
p p p p p p p p p p
health care system. p p
c. Nurses are the largest segment of health care providers.
p p p p p p p p
d. Nurses are the only group that is employed both inside and outside of hospital
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
s.
ANS: C p
As the largest segment of health care providers, nurses are informed about the cur
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
rent health care system and all the problems that result from people not seeking ca
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
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, re until they are desperately ill. Nurses, as the American Nurses Association (AN
p p p p p p p p p p p p
A) emphasize, usually believe that health care is a right, not a privilege. Therefore
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
, nurses, whose work is central to our current health care delivery system, can also
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
be instrumental in working politically to create a health care delivery system that
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
will meet health needs. While nurses are in several current TV series and are empl
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
oyed both inside and outside of hospitals, physicians and otherhealth care provide
p p p p p p p p p p p p
rs are as well. Nurses are often managers, but managers often have other backgrou
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
nds, such as business administration.
p p p p
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) p p p
3. What conclusion can be drawn from examining where nurses are employed?
p p p p p p p p p p
a. There is a trend toward consolidation of health care into large cen
p p p p p p p p p p p
tral medicalcenters. p p
b. There is an increased emphasis on community-based health care.
p p p p p p p p
c. There is an obvious need to decrease health care costs by cutting positions.
p p p p p p p p p p p p
d. Managed care organizations (MCOs) are employing nurses to improve custom
p p p p p p p p p
er
NURSINGTB.COM
, relations.
ANS: B p
MCOs are employing nurses in many capacities. Although hospitals are closing an
p p p p p p p p p p p
d acute careis increasingly found in central medical centers, the same trend may be
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
seen in an increase in neighborhood-
p p p p p
based practice centers. While positions are cut in most industries, health care is rec
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
ognized as an area where growth in employment is expected. However, nurses are i
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
ncreasingly employed in community settings as opposed to hospitals. This change
p p p p p p p p p p p
reflects themove toward community-based care rather than hospital-
p p p p p p p p
based tertiary care. To help decrease the continued rise in health care costs, the incr
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
eased emphasis is on disease prevention rather than high-cost treatment.
p p p p p p p p p
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) p p p
4. Which ethical belief would be most helpful in the current health care crisis?
p p p p p p p p p p p p
a. Emphasis should be on individual and corporation freedom in the marketplace
p p p p p p p p p p
.
b. Emphasis should be on individual autonomy and freedom of choice.
p p p p p p p p p
c. Emphasis should be on social justice and collective responsibility.
p p p p p p p p
d. Emphasis should be on the effectiveness of technology in resolving problems.
p p p p p p p p p p
ANS: C p
Public health recognizes the necessity of collective action in keeping the environm
p p p p p p p p p p p
ent safe andin egalitarian tradition and vision. An overinvestment in technology an
p p p p p p p p p p p p
d seeking of cures within the market justice system has stifled the evolution of a he
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
alth system to protect and preserve the health of the population. Although individu
p p p p p p p p p p p p
al autonomy and freedom of choice are important, so is the recognition of collectiv
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
e responsibility in ensuring social justice, which entitles all people to basic necessi
p p p p p p p p p p p p
ties.
US
NNRT
I G B.C M O
p p
P
p
P P P P
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) p p p
5. What is the primary problem seen in Healthy People 2020’s emphasis on cho
p p p p p p p p p p p p
osing healthylifestyle behaviors, such as daily exercise or healthy food choice
p p p p p p p p p p p
s?
a. Emphasis on other lifestyle choices, such as not smoking and mini
p p p p p p p p p p
mal use ofalcohol or drugs, is also needed.
p p p p p p p p
b. All of us must work together to make unhealthy behaviors socially unacceptabl
p p p p p p p p p p p
e.
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, c. It costs more to make healthy choices, such as buying and eating fres
p p p p p p p p p p p p
h fruits andvegetables as opposed to quick and cheap fast-
p p p p p p p p p p
food choices. p
d. Public policy emphasizes personal responsibility but ignores
p p p p p p p
social andenvironmental changes needed for well-being.
p p p p p p
ANS: D p
Although all responses are accurate, the primary problem is the emphasis on perso
p p p p p p p p p p p p
nal choicesin the Healthy People 2020 objectives. Emphasis on personal choices i
p p p p p p p p p p p p
gnores the need for community responsibility and action that addresses environm
p p p p p p p p p p
ental or cultural restraints to health.
p p p p p
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) p p p
6. What responsibility does the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethic
p p p p p p p p p p
s require ofthe nurse beyond giving excellent care to patients?
p p p p p p p p p p
a. Accept longer work schedules to ensure that professional care is always availa
p p p p p p p p p p p
ble
NURSINGTB.COM
p p p p p p p
lth Nursing, 7th Edition p p p
MULTIPLE CHOICE p
1. Which best describes the primary reason that Americans are concerned about hea
p p p p p p p p p p p
lth care?
p
a. Politicians are discussing how to improve health care.p p p p p p p
b. The media has provided mixed messages about the health care system.
p p p p p p p p p p
c. Our national health care costs keep increasing.
p p p p p p
d. The new health care system offers free services to Americans.
p p p p p p p p p
ANS: C p
The primary reason for the focus on health care is the constantly increasing costs,
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
which cannot be sustained. The costs of caring for the sick accounted for the major
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
ity of escalating health care dollars, which increased from 5.7% of the gross dome
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
stic product in 1965 to 17.8% in 2015. Politicians and the media both influence A
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
mericans’ perceptions about health care; however, they are not the primary reason
p p p p p p p p p p p p
why Americans are concerned. The new healthcare system will change the health
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
care access and availability, but will not necessarily be offering any free services t
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
o Americans.
p
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) p p p
2. A nurse has begun to lobby with politicians for changes to the health care syste
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
m. Why is thisinvolvement important?
p p p p p
a. Nurses, as central characters in several popular TV series, are currently very
p p p p p p p p p p p
visible in American mediNa. I G B.C M
p p p
P P P
R ppp
b. Nurses are primarily responUsibS
le foNr mTanagingOthe various units in our
p p p p p p p p p p
health care system. p p
c. Nurses are the largest segment of health care providers.
p p p p p p p p
d. Nurses are the only group that is employed both inside and outside of hospital
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
s.
ANS: C p
As the largest segment of health care providers, nurses are informed about the cur
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
rent health care system and all the problems that result from people not seeking ca
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
NURSINGTB.COM
, re until they are desperately ill. Nurses, as the American Nurses Association (AN
p p p p p p p p p p p p
A) emphasize, usually believe that health care is a right, not a privilege. Therefore
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
, nurses, whose work is central to our current health care delivery system, can also
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
be instrumental in working politically to create a health care delivery system that
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
will meet health needs. While nurses are in several current TV series and are empl
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
oyed both inside and outside of hospitals, physicians and otherhealth care provide
p p p p p p p p p p p p
rs are as well. Nurses are often managers, but managers often have other backgrou
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
nds, such as business administration.
p p p p
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) p p p
3. What conclusion can be drawn from examining where nurses are employed?
p p p p p p p p p p
a. There is a trend toward consolidation of health care into large cen
p p p p p p p p p p p
tral medicalcenters. p p
b. There is an increased emphasis on community-based health care.
p p p p p p p p
c. There is an obvious need to decrease health care costs by cutting positions.
p p p p p p p p p p p p
d. Managed care organizations (MCOs) are employing nurses to improve custom
p p p p p p p p p
er
NURSINGTB.COM
, relations.
ANS: B p
MCOs are employing nurses in many capacities. Although hospitals are closing an
p p p p p p p p p p p
d acute careis increasingly found in central medical centers, the same trend may be
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
seen in an increase in neighborhood-
p p p p p
based practice centers. While positions are cut in most industries, health care is rec
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
ognized as an area where growth in employment is expected. However, nurses are i
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
ncreasingly employed in community settings as opposed to hospitals. This change
p p p p p p p p p p p
reflects themove toward community-based care rather than hospital-
p p p p p p p p
based tertiary care. To help decrease the continued rise in health care costs, the incr
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
eased emphasis is on disease prevention rather than high-cost treatment.
p p p p p p p p p
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) p p p
4. Which ethical belief would be most helpful in the current health care crisis?
p p p p p p p p p p p p
a. Emphasis should be on individual and corporation freedom in the marketplace
p p p p p p p p p p
.
b. Emphasis should be on individual autonomy and freedom of choice.
p p p p p p p p p
c. Emphasis should be on social justice and collective responsibility.
p p p p p p p p
d. Emphasis should be on the effectiveness of technology in resolving problems.
p p p p p p p p p p
ANS: C p
Public health recognizes the necessity of collective action in keeping the environm
p p p p p p p p p p p
ent safe andin egalitarian tradition and vision. An overinvestment in technology an
p p p p p p p p p p p p
d seeking of cures within the market justice system has stifled the evolution of a he
p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p
alth system to protect and preserve the health of the population. Although individu
p p p p p p p p p p p p
al autonomy and freedom of choice are important, so is the recognition of collectiv
p p p p p p p p p p p p p
e responsibility in ensuring social justice, which entitles all people to basic necessi
p p p p p p p p p p p p
ties.
US
NNRT
I G B.C M O
p p
P
p
P P P P
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) p p p
5. What is the primary problem seen in Healthy People 2020’s emphasis on cho
p p p p p p p p p p p p
osing healthylifestyle behaviors, such as daily exercise or healthy food choice
p p p p p p p p p p p
s?
a. Emphasis on other lifestyle choices, such as not smoking and mini
p p p p p p p p p p
mal use ofalcohol or drugs, is also needed.
p p p p p p p p
b. All of us must work together to make unhealthy behaviors socially unacceptabl
p p p p p p p p p p p
e.
NURSINGTB.COM
, c. It costs more to make healthy choices, such as buying and eating fres
p p p p p p p p p p p p
h fruits andvegetables as opposed to quick and cheap fast-
p p p p p p p p p p
food choices. p
d. Public policy emphasizes personal responsibility but ignores
p p p p p p p
social andenvironmental changes needed for well-being.
p p p p p p
ANS: D p
Although all responses are accurate, the primary problem is the emphasis on perso
p p p p p p p p p p p p
nal choicesin the Healthy People 2020 objectives. Emphasis on personal choices i
p p p p p p p p p p p p
gnores the need for community responsibility and action that addresses environm
p p p p p p p p p p
ental or cultural restraints to health.
p p p p p
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) p p p
6. What responsibility does the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethic
p p p p p p p p p p
s require ofthe nurse beyond giving excellent care to patients?
p p p p p p p p p p
a. Accept longer work schedules to ensure that professional care is always availa
p p p p p p p p p p p
ble
NURSINGTB.COM
