TNCC Written Exam
1. What is the best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps
predict the outcome of resuscitation?: Base deficit used in conjunction with
serum lactate
2. Will hypocapnia cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation, especially in the
cerebral vasculature?: Vasoconstriction
3. What results from tissue hypo perfusion and oxygen deficit?: Metabolic
acidosis
4. What type of shock results in generalized vasodilation?: Neurogenic
shock
5. Spinal cord injuries at C3-C5 causes loss of what nerves function, resulting
in what?: Phrenic nerve; paralyzed diaphragm and inability to breath
6. Extremity elevation AT the level of the heart is beneficial for what type of
injury?: Compartment Syndrome
7. What is a high risk of frostbite?: Thrombus formation
8. What two medications can be administered to maintain perfusion after a
frostbite injury along with rewarming?: Tissue plasminogen activator or non
steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDS)
9. An rise in diastolic blood pressures is a sign of increasing what?: Peripheral
resistance
10. What position will benefit the airway and work of breathing for the
bariatric patient?: Reverse Trendelenburg
11. Which phase of a blast results from flying debris, projectiles, and bomb
fragments causing lacerations or penetrating injuries?: Secondary Phase
1/7
, 12. What phase of a blast results from any explosion-related illness or injury
including hyperglycemia, hypertension, angina, asthma, COPD, or sepsis?:
Quaternary Phase
13. What phase of a blast results from individuals being thrown by the blast
and impacting walls, ground, or any hard object?: Tertiary Phase
14. What phase of a blast results from impact of the over and under
pressurization wave with body surfaces. Injuries include blast lung, tympanic
membrane rupture, abdominal hemorrhage, globe rupture, and mild traumatic
brain injury?: Primary Phase
15. Signs of what include muscle pain or weakness, dark red or brown urine,
general weakness or malaise, and elevated creatinine kinase levels?:
Rhabdomyolosis
16. Signs of what include anxiety, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, hypoxemia,
hemoptysis, cough, orthopnea, adventitious lung sounds, decreased lung
sounds, jugular vein distention, or hypotension?: Pulmonary Embolus
17. Signs of what include headache, nausea and vomiting, amnesia,
behavioral changes, altered level of consciousness?: Increased intracranial
pressure
18 Signs of what include asymmetric pupillary reactivity, unilateral dilation,
widening pulse pressure, abnormal motor posturing, bradycardia, and
decreased respiratory effort?: Late signs of increased ICP with Herniation
Syndrome
19. What is caused by the tear of the bridging veins or middle meningeal
artery?: Subdural and Epidural Hematoma
20. Affect concentration, memory, sleep, mode, and libido. Causes
headaches, dizziness and nausea.: Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic
Brain Injury 21. Signs and symptoms similar to early signs of increased ICP
but do not worsen.: Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury 22.
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure = ______-______: MAP - ICP
23. What is the range for CO2 to maximize perfusion?: 35-45
24. Does hypoventilation cause dilation or constriction? Increase or decrease
ICP?: Dilation and increase in ICP due to high CO2
25. Hyperventilation cause dilation or constriction?: Constriction d/t low CO2
26. Pupils with pressure on cranial nerve: Fixed and dilated
27. Pupils with opiates vs stimulants: small; large
28. Pupils with anticholinergics such as atropine, ipratropium, and
scopolamine: large
2/7
1. What is the best measure of the adequacy of cellular perfusion and helps
predict the outcome of resuscitation?: Base deficit used in conjunction with
serum lactate
2. Will hypocapnia cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation, especially in the
cerebral vasculature?: Vasoconstriction
3. What results from tissue hypo perfusion and oxygen deficit?: Metabolic
acidosis
4. What type of shock results in generalized vasodilation?: Neurogenic
shock
5. Spinal cord injuries at C3-C5 causes loss of what nerves function, resulting
in what?: Phrenic nerve; paralyzed diaphragm and inability to breath
6. Extremity elevation AT the level of the heart is beneficial for what type of
injury?: Compartment Syndrome
7. What is a high risk of frostbite?: Thrombus formation
8. What two medications can be administered to maintain perfusion after a
frostbite injury along with rewarming?: Tissue plasminogen activator or non
steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDS)
9. An rise in diastolic blood pressures is a sign of increasing what?: Peripheral
resistance
10. What position will benefit the airway and work of breathing for the
bariatric patient?: Reverse Trendelenburg
11. Which phase of a blast results from flying debris, projectiles, and bomb
fragments causing lacerations or penetrating injuries?: Secondary Phase
1/7
, 12. What phase of a blast results from any explosion-related illness or injury
including hyperglycemia, hypertension, angina, asthma, COPD, or sepsis?:
Quaternary Phase
13. What phase of a blast results from individuals being thrown by the blast
and impacting walls, ground, or any hard object?: Tertiary Phase
14. What phase of a blast results from impact of the over and under
pressurization wave with body surfaces. Injuries include blast lung, tympanic
membrane rupture, abdominal hemorrhage, globe rupture, and mild traumatic
brain injury?: Primary Phase
15. Signs of what include muscle pain or weakness, dark red or brown urine,
general weakness or malaise, and elevated creatinine kinase levels?:
Rhabdomyolosis
16. Signs of what include anxiety, pleuritic chest pain, dyspnea, hypoxemia,
hemoptysis, cough, orthopnea, adventitious lung sounds, decreased lung
sounds, jugular vein distention, or hypotension?: Pulmonary Embolus
17. Signs of what include headache, nausea and vomiting, amnesia,
behavioral changes, altered level of consciousness?: Increased intracranial
pressure
18 Signs of what include asymmetric pupillary reactivity, unilateral dilation,
widening pulse pressure, abnormal motor posturing, bradycardia, and
decreased respiratory effort?: Late signs of increased ICP with Herniation
Syndrome
19. What is caused by the tear of the bridging veins or middle meningeal
artery?: Subdural and Epidural Hematoma
20. Affect concentration, memory, sleep, mode, and libido. Causes
headaches, dizziness and nausea.: Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic
Brain Injury 21. Signs and symptoms similar to early signs of increased ICP
but do not worsen.: Postconcussive Syndrome/ Mild Traumatic Brain Injury 22.
Cerebral Perfusion Pressure = ______-______: MAP - ICP
23. What is the range for CO2 to maximize perfusion?: 35-45
24. Does hypoventilation cause dilation or constriction? Increase or decrease
ICP?: Dilation and increase in ICP due to high CO2
25. Hyperventilation cause dilation or constriction?: Constriction d/t low CO2
26. Pupils with pressure on cranial nerve: Fixed and dilated
27. Pupils with opiates vs stimulants: small; large
28. Pupils with anticholinergics such as atropine, ipratropium, and
scopolamine: large
2/7
