Chapter m1:mAmBriefmHistory mofmCognitive mNeuroscience
MULTIPLEmCHOICEmLE
ARNINGmOBJECTIVES
1. Explain mthemoriginsmof mthemfield mof mcognitive mneuroscience
2. Describe mthemrootsmof mthemdebatemovermlocalization mof mfunction
3. Explain mthemwaysmin mwhich mbrain mstructure mwasmstudied
4. Understand mthemphilosophicalmoriginsmof mcognitivempsychology
5. Discussmbehaviorism mand mitsmprincipalmtenets
6. Explain mhowmand mwhy mcognitivempsychology mcamemto mthemforefrontmof mpsychologicalmfields
7. Identify mthemdifferentmmethodsmthatmaremused mto mmeasure mbrain mfunction mand mstructure
1. ThemcasemofmAnnemGreenmwasmremarkableminmthatmaftermbeingmfalsely mconvicted mofmmurdering
mhermnewborn mchild,
a. shemsurvived man mattempted melectrocution.
b. shemescaped mand mlatermmarried mThomasmWillis,mamfamousmneurologist.
c. shemsurvived man mattempted mhanging.
d. shemescaped mand mlatermbecame mamfamousmneurologist.
ANS:m C DIF: Easy
REF:m HistoricalmPerspective mOBJ:m LOm1
MSC:m Remembering
2. AsidemfrommsavingmAnnemGreen’smlife,mThomasmWillismand mChristophermWren malso
a. created mvery maccurate mdrawingsmof mthembrain.
b. camemup mwith mthemnamesmof mamnumbermof mbrain mstructures.
c. took mthemfirstmstepsmthatmled mto mcognitive mneuroscience.
d. allmof mthemabove.
ANS:m D DIF: Medium
REF:m HistoricalmPerspective mOBJ:m LOm1
MSC:m Understanding
3. Which mofmthemfollowingmismNOTmonemofmthemprincipalmreasonsmthatmWillismismconsidered monemof mthem
early mfiguresmin mcognitivemneuroscience?
a. hemnamed mmany mbrain mparts.
b. hemdissected mthembrainsmof mcriminalsmwithin m21 mmilesmof mOxford.
c. hemwasmamongmthemfirstmto mlink mbehavioralmdeficitsmto mbrain mdamage.
d. hemcreated mvery maccurate mbrain mimages.
ANS:m B DIF: Difficult
REF:m HistoricalmPerspective mOBJ:m LOm1
MSC:m Evaluating
4. Amcentralmissue mof mmodern mcognitive mneuroscience mismwhethermspecific mhuman mcognitive mabilities
a. can mbemlocalized mto mparticularmpartsmof mthembrain.
,b. aremdetermined mby mthemshape mand msizemof mthemhuman mskull.
c. arembestmstudied musingmintrospection mormthemscientific mmethod.
d. can mbemidentified musingmthemGolgimsilvermmethod mof mstaining.
, ANS:m A DIF: Medium
REF:m ThemBrain mStory mOBJ:m LOm2
MSC:m Understanding
5. Themdiscipline mof mphrenology mwasmfounded mby
a. Brocamand mWernicke. c. Ramón my mCajalmand mSherrington.
b. Fritsch mand mHitzig. d.m m Gallmand mSpurzheim.
ANS:m D DIF: Easy
REF:m ThemBrain mStory mOBJ:m LOm2
MSC:m Remembering
6. Phrenologistsmbelieved mthatmthemcontourmofmthemskullmcouldmprovidemvaluableminformation maboutma
n mindividual’smcognitivemcapacitiesmandmpersonalitymtraits.mThismapproach mwasmbasedmonmthemassum
ption mthat
a. skullmprotrusionsmaremcausedmby mdisproportionate mdevelopmentmofmthembrain mareasmbene
ath mthem,mwhich maremresponsible mformdifferentmspecificmfunctions.
b. certain mtraitsmsuchmasmaggressivenessmleadmtomlifemexperiencesmandminjuriesmthatmalterm
themshapemof mthemskullmin mspecific mways.
c. lifemexperiencesmandminjuriesmthatmaltermthemshapemofmthemskullminmspecificmwaysmlead mtomcer
tain mtraits,msuch masmaggressiveness.
d. themdevelopmentmofmthemskullmbonesmdirectlyminfluencesmthemconfiguration mofmthemsoftmbr
ain mareasmbeneath mthem,mwhich maremresponsible mformdifferentmspecific mfunctions.
ANS:m A DIF: Difficult
REF:m ThemBrain mStory mOBJ:m LOm2
MSC:m Evaluating
7. Localizationistmismto m masmholisticmismto m .
a. Wernickem;mGall c. Flourensm;mBroca
b. Gallm;mFlourens d.m m Brocam;mWernicke
ANS:m B DIF: Medium
REF:m ThemBrain mStory mOBJ:m LOm2
MSC:m Understanding
8. Gall’smmethod mforminvestigatingmphrenology mwasmflawed mbecause
a. hemused mthemwrongmlanguage mto mexplain mthemcharacteristicsmhemobserved.
b. hemdid mnotmtellmNapoleon mBonaparte mthatmhempossessed mnoblemcharacteristics.
c. hemoughtmonly mto mconfirm,mnotmdisprove,mthemcorrelationsmhemobserved.
d. hemused mhismown mskullmasmthembasemmodel.
ANS:m C DIF: Easy
REF:m ThemBrain mStory mOBJ:m LOm2
MSC:m Remembering
9. Themviewmknownmasmaggregatemfield mtheory,mwhichmstatedmthatmthemwholembrainmparticipatesminmbehav
ior,mismmostmassociated mwith
a. Broca. c. Brodmann.
b. HughlingsmJackson. d.m m Flourens.
ANS:m D DIF: Easy
REF:m ThemBrain mStory mOBJ:m LOm2
MSC:m Remembering
, 10. Willismismto m masm mismto mBroca.
a. Flourensm;mSpurzheim. c. Gallm;mDax.
b. Spurzheim m;mFlourens. d.m m Dax m;mGall.
ANS:m C DIF: Difficult REF: ThemBrain mStory
OBJ:m m LOm2 MSC: Analyzing
MULTIPLEmCHOICEmLE
ARNINGmOBJECTIVES
1. Explain mthemoriginsmof mthemfield mof mcognitive mneuroscience
2. Describe mthemrootsmof mthemdebatemovermlocalization mof mfunction
3. Explain mthemwaysmin mwhich mbrain mstructure mwasmstudied
4. Understand mthemphilosophicalmoriginsmof mcognitivempsychology
5. Discussmbehaviorism mand mitsmprincipalmtenets
6. Explain mhowmand mwhy mcognitivempsychology mcamemto mthemforefrontmof mpsychologicalmfields
7. Identify mthemdifferentmmethodsmthatmaremused mto mmeasure mbrain mfunction mand mstructure
1. ThemcasemofmAnnemGreenmwasmremarkableminmthatmaftermbeingmfalsely mconvicted mofmmurdering
mhermnewborn mchild,
a. shemsurvived man mattempted melectrocution.
b. shemescaped mand mlatermmarried mThomasmWillis,mamfamousmneurologist.
c. shemsurvived man mattempted mhanging.
d. shemescaped mand mlatermbecame mamfamousmneurologist.
ANS:m C DIF: Easy
REF:m HistoricalmPerspective mOBJ:m LOm1
MSC:m Remembering
2. AsidemfrommsavingmAnnemGreen’smlife,mThomasmWillismand mChristophermWren malso
a. created mvery maccurate mdrawingsmof mthembrain.
b. camemup mwith mthemnamesmof mamnumbermof mbrain mstructures.
c. took mthemfirstmstepsmthatmled mto mcognitive mneuroscience.
d. allmof mthemabove.
ANS:m D DIF: Medium
REF:m HistoricalmPerspective mOBJ:m LOm1
MSC:m Understanding
3. Which mofmthemfollowingmismNOTmonemofmthemprincipalmreasonsmthatmWillismismconsidered monemof mthem
early mfiguresmin mcognitivemneuroscience?
a. hemnamed mmany mbrain mparts.
b. hemdissected mthembrainsmof mcriminalsmwithin m21 mmilesmof mOxford.
c. hemwasmamongmthemfirstmto mlink mbehavioralmdeficitsmto mbrain mdamage.
d. hemcreated mvery maccurate mbrain mimages.
ANS:m B DIF: Difficult
REF:m HistoricalmPerspective mOBJ:m LOm1
MSC:m Evaluating
4. Amcentralmissue mof mmodern mcognitive mneuroscience mismwhethermspecific mhuman mcognitive mabilities
a. can mbemlocalized mto mparticularmpartsmof mthembrain.
,b. aremdetermined mby mthemshape mand msizemof mthemhuman mskull.
c. arembestmstudied musingmintrospection mormthemscientific mmethod.
d. can mbemidentified musingmthemGolgimsilvermmethod mof mstaining.
, ANS:m A DIF: Medium
REF:m ThemBrain mStory mOBJ:m LOm2
MSC:m Understanding
5. Themdiscipline mof mphrenology mwasmfounded mby
a. Brocamand mWernicke. c. Ramón my mCajalmand mSherrington.
b. Fritsch mand mHitzig. d.m m Gallmand mSpurzheim.
ANS:m D DIF: Easy
REF:m ThemBrain mStory mOBJ:m LOm2
MSC:m Remembering
6. Phrenologistsmbelieved mthatmthemcontourmofmthemskullmcouldmprovidemvaluableminformation maboutma
n mindividual’smcognitivemcapacitiesmandmpersonalitymtraits.mThismapproach mwasmbasedmonmthemassum
ption mthat
a. skullmprotrusionsmaremcausedmby mdisproportionate mdevelopmentmofmthembrain mareasmbene
ath mthem,mwhich maremresponsible mformdifferentmspecificmfunctions.
b. certain mtraitsmsuchmasmaggressivenessmleadmtomlifemexperiencesmandminjuriesmthatmalterm
themshapemof mthemskullmin mspecific mways.
c. lifemexperiencesmandminjuriesmthatmaltermthemshapemofmthemskullminmspecificmwaysmlead mtomcer
tain mtraits,msuch masmaggressiveness.
d. themdevelopmentmofmthemskullmbonesmdirectlyminfluencesmthemconfiguration mofmthemsoftmbr
ain mareasmbeneath mthem,mwhich maremresponsible mformdifferentmspecific mfunctions.
ANS:m A DIF: Difficult
REF:m ThemBrain mStory mOBJ:m LOm2
MSC:m Evaluating
7. Localizationistmismto m masmholisticmismto m .
a. Wernickem;mGall c. Flourensm;mBroca
b. Gallm;mFlourens d.m m Brocam;mWernicke
ANS:m B DIF: Medium
REF:m ThemBrain mStory mOBJ:m LOm2
MSC:m Understanding
8. Gall’smmethod mforminvestigatingmphrenology mwasmflawed mbecause
a. hemused mthemwrongmlanguage mto mexplain mthemcharacteristicsmhemobserved.
b. hemdid mnotmtellmNapoleon mBonaparte mthatmhempossessed mnoblemcharacteristics.
c. hemoughtmonly mto mconfirm,mnotmdisprove,mthemcorrelationsmhemobserved.
d. hemused mhismown mskullmasmthembasemmodel.
ANS:m C DIF: Easy
REF:m ThemBrain mStory mOBJ:m LOm2
MSC:m Remembering
9. Themviewmknownmasmaggregatemfield mtheory,mwhichmstatedmthatmthemwholembrainmparticipatesminmbehav
ior,mismmostmassociated mwith
a. Broca. c. Brodmann.
b. HughlingsmJackson. d.m m Flourens.
ANS:m D DIF: Easy
REF:m ThemBrain mStory mOBJ:m LOm2
MSC:m Remembering
, 10. Willismismto m masm mismto mBroca.
a. Flourensm;mSpurzheim. c. Gallm;mDax.
b. Spurzheim m;mFlourens. d.m m Dax m;mGall.
ANS:m C DIF: Difficult REF: ThemBrain mStory
OBJ:m m LOm2 MSC: Analyzing
