SOC 200 NOVA Exam|
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Sociology CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️is the study of groups and group interactions,
societies and social interactions, from small and personal groups
to very large groups. A group of people who live in a defined geographic area,
who interact with one another, and who
share a common culture is what sociologists call a society
Who was Auguste Comte and what were his contributions?CORRECT
ANSWERS✔️✔️Founder of Sociology, focused on social order and change.
Auguste Comte's 'positivism'CORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔C ️ omte suggested that all
societies have three basic stages: theological, metaphysical, and scientific. Finally,
Comte believed in positivism, the perspective that societies are based on scientific
laws and principles, and therefore the best way to study society is to use the
scientific method.
C. Wright Mills' sociological imaginationCORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Sociologists
often study culture using the sociological imagination, which
pioneer sociologist C. Wright Mills described as an awareness of the relationship
between a person's behavior and
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experience and the wider culture that shaped the person's choices and
perceptions. It's a way of seeing our own and other
people's behavior in relationship to history and social structure (1959).
Conflict theoryCORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔C ️ onflict theory looks at society as a
competition for limited resources. This perspective is a macro-level approach
most
identified with the writings of German philosopher and sociologist Karl Marx
(1818-1883), who saw society as being
made up of individuals in different social classes who must compete for social,
material, and political resources such as
food and housing, employment, education, and leisure time.
social institutionsCORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️or patterns of beliefs and behaviors
focused on meeting social needs, such as government, education, family,
healthcare, religion, and the economy.
Quantitative research methodsCORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️. For some topics, the
researcher might ask yes-or-no or multiple-choice questions, allowing
subjects to choose possible responses to each question. This kind of quantitative
data—research collected in numerical
form that can be counted—are easy to tabulate. Just count up the number of
"yes" and "no" responses or correct answers,
and chart them into percentages
Qualitative research methodsCORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️This type of information is
qualitative data—results that are subjective and
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often based on what is seen in a natural setting. Qualitative information is harder
to organize and tabulate. The researcher
will end up with a wide range of responses, some of which may be surprising. The
benefit of written opinions, though, is
the wealth of material that they provide.
Karl MarxCORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Karl Marx (1818-1883) was a German
philosopher and economist. In 1848 he and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895)
coauthored the Communist Manifesto. This book is one of the most influential
political manuscripts in history. It also
presents Marx's theory of society, which differed from what Comte proposed.
Karl Marx and communismCORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️Marx predicted that
inequalities of capitalism would become so extreme that workers would
eventually revolt. This would
lead to the collapse of capitalism, which would be replaced by communism.
Communism is an economic system under
which there is no private or corporate ownership: everything is owned
communally and distributed as needed. Marx
believed that communism was a more equitable system than capitalism.
Macro-level sociologyCORRECT ANSWERS✔️✔️while those using macro-level
analysis look
at trends among and between large groups and societies.
In contrast, a macro-level analysis
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