Linguistics 2 - Aantekeningen
periode 1+2
Linguistics - Week 2
It / is / understandable / that they rely on their shortwave radio.
ProvS P SC s. conj S
NP VP AdjP finite clause
Always part of
next sentence part
ProvS it / there
Mr Harris / opened / the envelope / and / unfolded / the message. COMPOUND
S P DO c. conj P DO
NP VP NP VP NP
Mr Harris unfolded the message.
SC about the subject can be a state of mind, it is not an action.
Only possible when the predicator is a copula.
The Roman State / must have been / a cultural melting pot.
S P SC
NP VP NP
Cop.
We / have missed / you / terribly.
S P DO A
NP VP NP AdvP
Pers. aux. lex. Pers. adv.
Pr. Pr.
Linguistics - Week 3
Present perfect:
SIMPLE: to describe the result of something that happened in the past.
Present tense of ‘to have’ (have/has) + verb -ed or irregular form
CONTINUOUS: to describe an action that started in the past and continuous in the
present.
Present tense of ‘to have’ (have/has) + verb + ing
Simple only one verb + subject
Compound independent clauses + c. conj.
Complex dependent clauses + s. conj.
Two predicators never a simple sentence!
C. conj FANBOYS for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
My mother / does / not / like / books / so / my father / always / read / COMPOUND
S P A P DO c. conj. S A P
, us / stories / before bedtime.
IO DO A
The truth / is / that the roof of the world is polluted. COMPLEX
S P s.conj. SC
Cop.
Non-finite:
- To infinitive
- -ing participle
- Past participle
She / does / not / like / to travel abroad on her own. COMPLEX
S P A P DO
NP VP AdvP VP non-finite
The teacher / explained / the grammar rule / and / asked / COMPOUND
S P DO c. conj. P
NP VP NP VP
the students / a question.
IO DO
NP NP
Aan wie de studenten
Auxiliaries:
- Have
- To be
- Should
- Can
Linguistics - Week 4
Past perfect:
SIMPLE: to describe something that happened before something else happened
in the past.
Past tense of ‘to have’ (had) + verb -ed or irregular form
CONTINUOUS: to describe an action that took some time before something else
happened in the past.
Past tense of ‘to have’ (had) + been + verb -ing
Before she visited Alaska, / my cousin / had / never / seen / COMPLEX
s. conj. A S P A P
finite clause NP VP AdvP VP
S P DO
NP VP NP
pers. pr. Noun
periode 1+2
Linguistics - Week 2
It / is / understandable / that they rely on their shortwave radio.
ProvS P SC s. conj S
NP VP AdjP finite clause
Always part of
next sentence part
ProvS it / there
Mr Harris / opened / the envelope / and / unfolded / the message. COMPOUND
S P DO c. conj P DO
NP VP NP VP NP
Mr Harris unfolded the message.
SC about the subject can be a state of mind, it is not an action.
Only possible when the predicator is a copula.
The Roman State / must have been / a cultural melting pot.
S P SC
NP VP NP
Cop.
We / have missed / you / terribly.
S P DO A
NP VP NP AdvP
Pers. aux. lex. Pers. adv.
Pr. Pr.
Linguistics - Week 3
Present perfect:
SIMPLE: to describe the result of something that happened in the past.
Present tense of ‘to have’ (have/has) + verb -ed or irregular form
CONTINUOUS: to describe an action that started in the past and continuous in the
present.
Present tense of ‘to have’ (have/has) + verb + ing
Simple only one verb + subject
Compound independent clauses + c. conj.
Complex dependent clauses + s. conj.
Two predicators never a simple sentence!
C. conj FANBOYS for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
My mother / does / not / like / books / so / my father / always / read / COMPOUND
S P A P DO c. conj. S A P
, us / stories / before bedtime.
IO DO A
The truth / is / that the roof of the world is polluted. COMPLEX
S P s.conj. SC
Cop.
Non-finite:
- To infinitive
- -ing participle
- Past participle
She / does / not / like / to travel abroad on her own. COMPLEX
S P A P DO
NP VP AdvP VP non-finite
The teacher / explained / the grammar rule / and / asked / COMPOUND
S P DO c. conj. P
NP VP NP VP
the students / a question.
IO DO
NP NP
Aan wie de studenten
Auxiliaries:
- Have
- To be
- Should
- Can
Linguistics - Week 4
Past perfect:
SIMPLE: to describe something that happened before something else happened
in the past.
Past tense of ‘to have’ (had) + verb -ed or irregular form
CONTINUOUS: to describe an action that took some time before something else
happened in the past.
Past tense of ‘to have’ (had) + been + verb -ing
Before she visited Alaska, / my cousin / had / never / seen / COMPLEX
s. conj. A S P A P
finite clause NP VP AdvP VP
S P DO
NP VP NP
pers. pr. Noun
