SOLUTIONS & INSTRUCTOR MANUAL Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4th Edition by Peter Norvig and Stuart Russell, Chapters 1 – 28  

SOLUTIONS & INSTRUCTOR MANUAL
Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, 4th Edition
by Peter Norvig and Stuart Russell, Chapters 1 – 28

,Artificial Intelligence
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gbgbgbgb 1 Introduction ...
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gbgbgbgb 2 Intelligent Agents ...
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II Problem-solving
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gbgbgbgb 3 Solving Problems by Searching ...
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gbgbgbgb 4 Search in Complex Environments ...
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gbgbgbgb 5 Adversarial Search and Games ...
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gbgbgbgb 6 Constraint Satisfaction Problems ...
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III Knowledge, reasoning, and planning
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gbgbgbgb 7 Logical Agents ...
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gbgbgbgb 8 First-Order Logic ...
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gbgbgbgb 9 Inference in First-Order Logic ...
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gbgbgbgb 10 Knowledge Representation ...
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gbgbgbgb 11 Automated Planning ...
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IV Uncertain knowledge and reasoning
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gbgbgbgb 12 Quantifying Uncertainty ...
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gbgbgbgb 13 Probabilistic Reasoning ...
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gbgbgbgb 14 Probabilistic Reasoning over Time ...
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gbgbgbgb 15 Probabilistic Programming ...
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gbgbgbgb 16 Making Simple Decisions ...
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gbgbgbgb 17 Making Complex Decisions ...
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gbgbgbgb 18 Multiagent Decision Making ...
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V Machine Learning
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,gbgbgbgb 19 Learning from Examples ...
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gbgbgbgb 20 Learning Probabilistic Models ...
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gbgbgbgb 21 Deep Learning ...
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gbgbgbgb 22 Reinforcement Learning ...
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VI Communicating, perceiving, and acting
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gbgbgbgb 23 Natural Language Processing ...
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gbgbgbgb 24 Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing ...
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gbgbgbgb 25 Computer Vision ...
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gbgbgbgb 26 Robotics ...
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VII Conclusions
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gbgbgbgb 27 Philosophy, Ethics, and Safety of AI ...
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gbgbgbgb 28 The Future of AI
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, EXERCISES g b gb
1
INTRODUCTION
Notegbthatgbforgbmanygbofgbthegbquestionsgbingbthisgbchapter,gbwegbgivegbreferencesgbwheregbanswe
rsgbcangbbegbfoundgbrathergbthangbwritinggbthemgbout—
thegbfullgbanswersgbwouldgbbegbfargbtoogblong.

1.1 What Is AI?
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Exercisegb1.1.#DEFA
Definegbingbyourgbowngbwords:g b (a)gbintelligence,gb(b)gbartificialgbintelligence,gb(c)gbagent,gb(
d)gbra-gbtionality,gb(e)gblogicalgbreasoning.


a. Dictionarygbdefinitionsgbofgbintelligencegbtalkgbaboutgb“thegbcapacitygbtogbacquiregbandgb
applygbknowledge”gborgb“thegbfacultygbofgbthoughtgbandgbreason”gborgb“thegbabilitygbtogbc
omprehendgbandgbprofitgbfromgbexperience.”g b Thesegbaregballgbreasonablegbanswers,gbbu
tgbifgbwegbwantgbsomethinggbquantifiablegbwegbwouldgbusegbsomethinggblikegb“thegbabilityg
btogbactgbsuccessfullygbacrossgbagbwidegbrangegbofgbobjectivesgbingbcomplexgbenvironments

.”
b. Wegbdefinegbartificialgbintelligencegbasgbthegbstudygbandgbconstructiongbofgbagentgbprogr
amsgbthatgbperformgbwellgbingbagbgivengbclassgbofgbenvironments,gbforgbagbgivengbagentgbar
chitecture;gbtheygbdogbthegbrightgbthing.g b Angbimportantgbpartgbofgbthatgbisgbdealinggbwith
gbthegbuncertaintygbofgbwhatgbthegbcurrentgbstategbis,gbwhatgbthegboutcomegbofgbpossiblegba

ctionsgbmightgbbe,gbandgbwhatgbisgbitgbthatgbwegbreallygbdesire.
c. Wegbdefinegbangbagentgbasgbangbentitygbthatgbtakesgbactiongbingbresponsegbtogbperceptsgbfro
mgbangbenvi-gbronment.
d. Wegbdefinegbrationalitygbasgbthegbpropertygbofgbagbsystemgbwhichgbdoesgbthegb“rightgbthin
g”gbgivengbwhatgbitgbknows.g b SeegbSectiongb2.2gbforgbagbmoregbcompletegbdiscussion.g b T
hegbbasicgbconceptgbisgbperfectgbrationality;gbSectiongb??gbdescribesgbthegbimpossibilitygbof
gbachievinggbperfectgbrational-gbitygbandgbproposesgbangbalternativegbdefinition.

e. Wegbdefinegblogicalgbreasoninggbasgbthegbagbprocessgbofgbderivinggbnewgbsentencesgbfromgb
old,gbsuchgbthatgbthegbnewgbsentencesgbaregbnecessarilygbtruegbifgbthegboldgbonesgbaregbtrue.gb(
Noticegbthatgbdoesgbnotgbrefergbtogbanygbspecificgbsyntaxgborgbformalgblanguage,gbbutgbitgbdoesg
brequiregbagbwell-definedgbnotiongbofgbtruth.)




Exercisegb1.1.#TURI
ReadgbTuring’sgboriginalgbpapergbongbAIgb(Turing,gb1950).g b Ingbthegbpaper,gbhegbdiscussesgbse
veralgbobjectionsgbtogbhisgbproposedgbenterprisegbandgbhisgbtestgbforgbintelligence.gbWhichgbobjections
gbstillgbcarry ©gb2023gbPearsongbEducation,gbHoboken,gbNJ.gbAllgbrightsgb
reserved.