Paged1dofd45
FISDAP AIRWAY EXAM/ AIRWAY EXAM FOR FISD d d d d d d
AP RECENT AND COMPLETE VERSION ALL 300 QU
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ESTIONS AND ANSWERS/ BEST GRADED A+ d d d d d
From the atmosphere, what structures does air pass through during ventilation? -
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ANSWER: Starts in atmosphere, then nose, nasopharyngeal space/orophargyneal sp
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ace (if mouth breather), then pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
d d d d d d d d d d
What is the purpose of the nasal passages and nasopharynx? -
d d d d d d d d d d
ANSWER: To warm/humidify air as it passes through
d d d d d d d d
What is the difference between respiration and ventilation? -
d d d d d d d d
dANSWER: Respiration refers to the exchange of gases in the alveoli, ventilation refe
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rs to the movement of air into the lungs. Respiration is needed to provide O2 to cells a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
nd remove waste products. Also regulates pH of blood.
d d d d d d d d
What are the structures of the upper airway? -
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ANSWER: nose, mouth, tongue, jaw, pharynx and larynx
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What structure is considered a landmark that divides the upper airway from lower?
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- ANSWER: The larynx, anything above is upper. The larynx and below are lower.
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What are the structures of the lower airways? -
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dANSWER: larynx (includes adam's apple/thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid membrane
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, cricoid cartilage), trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
d d d d d d
,Paged2dofd45
Describe the anatomy of the larynx. - d d d d d d
ANSWER: From superior to inferior. Thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid membrane, an
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d cricoid membrane. The thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage are anterior to the lary
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nx, and the cricothyroid membrane is posterior to both structures.
d d d d d d d d d
True or false: the lungs are completely equal in the midsaggital plane. -
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ANSWER: False, right lungs has 3 lobes, left lung only has 2 lobes. Together they h
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
ave 5 total. Also, the right bronchi is inferior to the left bronchi.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
What are the structures of the lungs in order of ventilation? - ANSWER:
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bronchioles, and alveoli d d
True or false: the lungs use muscles found in the lateral lobes to expand and contract?
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
-
d
dANSWER: False: the lungs are hollow organs and contain no muscles. When the dia
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
phragm contracts it expands the thoracic cavity. The pleural space has a negative pres
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
sure and the lungs expand. This results in a slightly negative pressure (compared to th
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
e atmosphere) and air rushes in.
d d d d d
True or false: Air rushes into the lungs because of negative pressure. -
d d d d d d d d d d d d
dANSWER: True, when the lungs expand, they are creating a vacuum because they a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
re expanding the volume of the container. This increase in volume causes influx of air
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
into the container until the pressure is equalized with the atmosphere.
d d d d d d d d d d
True or false: The parietal pleura lines the lungs and the visceral pleura lines the lungs
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
. The space between is called the anterior pleura. -
d d d d d d d d d
dANSWER: False: the visceral pleura lines the lungs, the parietal pleura lines the bod
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
y cavity and the pleural space is the space in between both where body fluid allows fo
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
r both to smoothly glide.
d d d d
What muscles are involved in inhalation? -
d d d d d d
ANSWER: The diaphragm, cervical muscles (neck), intercostals, abdominal muscle
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s, and pectoral muscles.
d d d
,Paged3dofd45
What muscles are involved in expiration? -
d d d d d d
dANSWER: none, expiration (if done passively) is achieved by the relaxation of the d
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
iaphragm.
What is the primary driver of respiration? (Why would we increase/decrease RR?)
d d d d d d d d d d d
-
dANSWER: The CSF in the brain has chemoreceptors sensitive to CO2. When there i
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
s too much CO2. The pH changes. These sensors feed back to the medulla oblongata,
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
which stimulates the phrenic nerve which innervates the diaphragm. They cause an in
d d d d d d d d d d d d
crease in activity of the diaphragm. This increases the RR which causes us to increase
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
tidal volume. This means more CO2 is exhaled. And brings our pH back to normal.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
We also have the less sensitive hypoxic drive
d d d d d d d
What is hypoxic drive? -
d d d d
ANSWER: Backup system to control respiration. Chemoreceptors in brain, aorta, a
d d d d d d d d d d d
nd carotid arteries. But they are "satisfied" by a small amount of O2, which means it is
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
not as sensitive as pH control of CO2
d d d d d d d d
What two areas of the brain are involved in respiration? - ANSWER: medulla-
d d d d d d d d d d d d
controls rhythm, initiates inspiration, sets base pattern for respirations, and stimulate
d d d d d d d d d d d
s diaphragm to contract.
d d d
pons-changes depth of inspiration, expiration or both. d d d d d d
True or false: arteries bring oxygenated blood to organs/capillaries -
d d d d d d d d d
ANSWER: True in most cases with one exception. Arteries (away) bring blood awa
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
y from the heart. Usually this is oxygenated blood. But the pulmonary arteries bring o
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
xygen poor blood away from the heart, to the lungs to be oxygenated.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
, Paged4dofd45
What is the tidal volume? -
d d d d d
ANSWER: amount of air moved in/out of lungs in single breath. Usually 500 ml in a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dult
What is inspiratory reserve volume? -
d d d d d
ANSWER: Deepest breath you can take after normal respiration
d d d d d d d d d
What is expiratory reserve volume/Vital Capacity? -
d d d d d d
ANSWER: maximum amount you can breathe out after normal breath.
d d d d d d d d d d
What is residual volume? -
d d d d
ANSWER: Remaining gas in lungs after exhalation. This is to keep lungs inflated
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What is dead space? What structures are considered part of dead space? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d
dANSWER: Part of respiratory system not involved in active respiration. Air moves
d d d d d d d d d d d d
through here but little to no respiration occurs. Mouth, trachea, bronchi and bronchio
d d d d d d d d d d d d
les considered dead space
d d d
What is minute volume? What does it measure? -
d d d d d d d d
ANSWER: Minute volume = RR x tidal volume. Volume of air moving through lu
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
ngs in 1 minute. Can be estimated quickly. Count RR rate. If normal check to see ch
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
est rise and fall (tidal volume). If chest rise and fall is weak and/or little air coming o
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
ut of nose, then the person has small minute volume.
d d d d d d d d d
Alveolar Minute Volume - d d d
ANSWER: Volume of air moved through lungs in 1 minute minus the dead space.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Alveolar Minute Volume = (tidal volume - dead space) x RR
d d d d d d d d d d
Alveolar Ventilation - ANSWER: Volume of air that reaches alveoli.
d d d d d d d d d
Alveolar ventilation = tidal volume - dead space
d d d d d d d
FISDAP AIRWAY EXAM/ AIRWAY EXAM FOR FISD d d d d d d
AP RECENT AND COMPLETE VERSION ALL 300 QU
d d d d d d d
ESTIONS AND ANSWERS/ BEST GRADED A+ d d d d d
From the atmosphere, what structures does air pass through during ventilation? -
d d d d d d d d d d d
ANSWER: Starts in atmosphere, then nose, nasopharyngeal space/orophargyneal sp
d d d d d d d d d
ace (if mouth breather), then pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
d d d d d d d d d d
What is the purpose of the nasal passages and nasopharynx? -
d d d d d d d d d d
ANSWER: To warm/humidify air as it passes through
d d d d d d d d
What is the difference between respiration and ventilation? -
d d d d d d d d
dANSWER: Respiration refers to the exchange of gases in the alveoli, ventilation refe
d d d d d d d d d d d d
rs to the movement of air into the lungs. Respiration is needed to provide O2 to cells a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
nd remove waste products. Also regulates pH of blood.
d d d d d d d d
What are the structures of the upper airway? -
d d d d d d d d
ANSWER: nose, mouth, tongue, jaw, pharynx and larynx
d d d d d d d d
What structure is considered a landmark that divides the upper airway from lower?
d d d d d d d d d d d d
- ANSWER: The larynx, anything above is upper. The larynx and below are lower.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What are the structures of the lower airways? -
d d d d d d d d
dANSWER: larynx (includes adam's apple/thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid membrane
d d d d d d d
, cricoid cartilage), trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
d d d d d d
,Paged2dofd45
Describe the anatomy of the larynx. - d d d d d d
ANSWER: From superior to inferior. Thyroid cartilage, cricothyroid membrane, an
d d d d d d d d d d
d cricoid membrane. The thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage are anterior to the lary
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
nx, and the cricothyroid membrane is posterior to both structures.
d d d d d d d d d
True or false: the lungs are completely equal in the midsaggital plane. -
d d d d d d d d d d d d
ANSWER: False, right lungs has 3 lobes, left lung only has 2 lobes. Together they h
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
ave 5 total. Also, the right bronchi is inferior to the left bronchi.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
What are the structures of the lungs in order of ventilation? - ANSWER:
d d d d d d d d d d d d
bronchioles, and alveoli d d
True or false: the lungs use muscles found in the lateral lobes to expand and contract?
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
-
d
dANSWER: False: the lungs are hollow organs and contain no muscles. When the dia
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
phragm contracts it expands the thoracic cavity. The pleural space has a negative pres
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
sure and the lungs expand. This results in a slightly negative pressure (compared to th
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
e atmosphere) and air rushes in.
d d d d d
True or false: Air rushes into the lungs because of negative pressure. -
d d d d d d d d d d d d
dANSWER: True, when the lungs expand, they are creating a vacuum because they a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
re expanding the volume of the container. This increase in volume causes influx of air
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
into the container until the pressure is equalized with the atmosphere.
d d d d d d d d d d
True or false: The parietal pleura lines the lungs and the visceral pleura lines the lungs
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
. The space between is called the anterior pleura. -
d d d d d d d d d
dANSWER: False: the visceral pleura lines the lungs, the parietal pleura lines the bod
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
y cavity and the pleural space is the space in between both where body fluid allows fo
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
r both to smoothly glide.
d d d d
What muscles are involved in inhalation? -
d d d d d d
ANSWER: The diaphragm, cervical muscles (neck), intercostals, abdominal muscle
d d d d d d d d d
s, and pectoral muscles.
d d d
,Paged3dofd45
What muscles are involved in expiration? -
d d d d d d
dANSWER: none, expiration (if done passively) is achieved by the relaxation of the d
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
iaphragm.
What is the primary driver of respiration? (Why would we increase/decrease RR?)
d d d d d d d d d d d
-
dANSWER: The CSF in the brain has chemoreceptors sensitive to CO2. When there i
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
s too much CO2. The pH changes. These sensors feed back to the medulla oblongata,
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
which stimulates the phrenic nerve which innervates the diaphragm. They cause an in
d d d d d d d d d d d d
crease in activity of the diaphragm. This increases the RR which causes us to increase
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
tidal volume. This means more CO2 is exhaled. And brings our pH back to normal.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
We also have the less sensitive hypoxic drive
d d d d d d d
What is hypoxic drive? -
d d d d
ANSWER: Backup system to control respiration. Chemoreceptors in brain, aorta, a
d d d d d d d d d d d
nd carotid arteries. But they are "satisfied" by a small amount of O2, which means it is
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
not as sensitive as pH control of CO2
d d d d d d d d
What two areas of the brain are involved in respiration? - ANSWER: medulla-
d d d d d d d d d d d d
controls rhythm, initiates inspiration, sets base pattern for respirations, and stimulate
d d d d d d d d d d d
s diaphragm to contract.
d d d
pons-changes depth of inspiration, expiration or both. d d d d d d
True or false: arteries bring oxygenated blood to organs/capillaries -
d d d d d d d d d
ANSWER: True in most cases with one exception. Arteries (away) bring blood awa
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
y from the heart. Usually this is oxygenated blood. But the pulmonary arteries bring o
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
xygen poor blood away from the heart, to the lungs to be oxygenated.
d d d d d d d d d d d d
, Paged4dofd45
What is the tidal volume? -
d d d d d
ANSWER: amount of air moved in/out of lungs in single breath. Usually 500 ml in a
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
dult
What is inspiratory reserve volume? -
d d d d d
ANSWER: Deepest breath you can take after normal respiration
d d d d d d d d d
What is expiratory reserve volume/Vital Capacity? -
d d d d d d
ANSWER: maximum amount you can breathe out after normal breath.
d d d d d d d d d d
What is residual volume? -
d d d d
ANSWER: Remaining gas in lungs after exhalation. This is to keep lungs inflated
d d d d d d d d d d d d d
What is dead space? What structures are considered part of dead space? -
d d d d d d d d d d d d
dANSWER: Part of respiratory system not involved in active respiration. Air moves
d d d d d d d d d d d d
through here but little to no respiration occurs. Mouth, trachea, bronchi and bronchio
d d d d d d d d d d d d
les considered dead space
d d d
What is minute volume? What does it measure? -
d d d d d d d d
ANSWER: Minute volume = RR x tidal volume. Volume of air moving through lu
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
ngs in 1 minute. Can be estimated quickly. Count RR rate. If normal check to see ch
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
est rise and fall (tidal volume). If chest rise and fall is weak and/or little air coming o
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
ut of nose, then the person has small minute volume.
d d d d d d d d d
Alveolar Minute Volume - d d d
ANSWER: Volume of air moved through lungs in 1 minute minus the dead space.
d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d
Alveolar Minute Volume = (tidal volume - dead space) x RR
d d d d d d d d d d
Alveolar Ventilation - ANSWER: Volume of air that reaches alveoli.
d d d d d d d d d
Alveolar ventilation = tidal volume - dead space
d d d d d d d
