UTA Advanced Pharmacology Exam 3
1. Diagnosis of Diabetes: Fasting blood sugar >126
Random blood sugar > 200
Oral glucose tolerance test >200
2. Insulin Lispro (Humalog): Rapid-acting analog of regular
insulin Onset: 15 to 30 minutes after subcutaneous (subQ)
injection Duration: 3 to 6 hours
Should be injected 5 to 10 minutes before meals
3. Insulin glulisine (Apidra): Synthetic analog of natural human
insulin
Rapid onset (10 to 15 min) Short duration (3 to 5 hr)
4. Regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R): Short-acting insulin
Effects begin in 30 to 60 minutes
Peak in 1 to 5 hours Duration up to 10 hours U-100 (100 units/mL)
U-500 (500 units/mL)
5. NPH insulin (Humulin N, Novolin N): Drug is injected twice or
three times daily to provide glycemic control
6. Insulin glargine [Lantus]: Prolonged duration of action (up to
24 hr)
7. Insulin detemir [Levemir]: At low doses (0.2 units/kg), effects
persist about 12 hours. At higher doses (0.4 units/kg), effects
persist for up to 20 to 24 hours.
, 8. Degludec (Tresiba): ultra long acting insulin (42 hrs)
9. Metformin [Glucophage]: inhibits glucose production in the
liver reduces (slightly) glucose absorption in the gut.
sensitizes insulin receptors in target tissues
Most common side effects: Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances
Lactic Acidosis (CKD)
10. Sulfonylureas: First Generation: Chlorpropamide [Diabinese]
Tolazamide [Tolinase]
Tolbutamine [Orinase]
11. Sulfonylureas Second Generation: Glimepiride
Glipizide
Glyburide
12. Sulfonureas: drug: DM2 pt -> block K-ATP chan -> inc
intracell K+ -> depol -> Ca2+ influx -> make insulin
13. Meglitinides (Glinides) MOA: Bind K channel in beta cell
(different binding spot than sulfonylureas)-->insulin release
SE = wt gain; hypoglycemia
14. Meglitinides (Glinides): Repaglinide (Prandin) Nateglinide
(Starlix)
15. Thiazolidinediones: Pioglitazone (Actos) Rosiglitazone
(Avandia)
1. Diagnosis of Diabetes: Fasting blood sugar >126
Random blood sugar > 200
Oral glucose tolerance test >200
2. Insulin Lispro (Humalog): Rapid-acting analog of regular
insulin Onset: 15 to 30 minutes after subcutaneous (subQ)
injection Duration: 3 to 6 hours
Should be injected 5 to 10 minutes before meals
3. Insulin glulisine (Apidra): Synthetic analog of natural human
insulin
Rapid onset (10 to 15 min) Short duration (3 to 5 hr)
4. Regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R): Short-acting insulin
Effects begin in 30 to 60 minutes
Peak in 1 to 5 hours Duration up to 10 hours U-100 (100 units/mL)
U-500 (500 units/mL)
5. NPH insulin (Humulin N, Novolin N): Drug is injected twice or
three times daily to provide glycemic control
6. Insulin glargine [Lantus]: Prolonged duration of action (up to
24 hr)
7. Insulin detemir [Levemir]: At low doses (0.2 units/kg), effects
persist about 12 hours. At higher doses (0.4 units/kg), effects
persist for up to 20 to 24 hours.
, 8. Degludec (Tresiba): ultra long acting insulin (42 hrs)
9. Metformin [Glucophage]: inhibits glucose production in the
liver reduces (slightly) glucose absorption in the gut.
sensitizes insulin receptors in target tissues
Most common side effects: Gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances
Lactic Acidosis (CKD)
10. Sulfonylureas: First Generation: Chlorpropamide [Diabinese]
Tolazamide [Tolinase]
Tolbutamine [Orinase]
11. Sulfonylureas Second Generation: Glimepiride
Glipizide
Glyburide
12. Sulfonureas: drug: DM2 pt -> block K-ATP chan -> inc
intracell K+ -> depol -> Ca2+ influx -> make insulin
13. Meglitinides (Glinides) MOA: Bind K channel in beta cell
(different binding spot than sulfonylureas)-->insulin release
SE = wt gain; hypoglycemia
14. Meglitinides (Glinides): Repaglinide (Prandin) Nateglinide
(Starlix)
15. Thiazolidinediones: Pioglitazone (Actos) Rosiglitazone
(Avandia)
