NR 293 EXAM 2 NR 293 PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2 NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 100 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ (CHAMBERLAINE COLLEGE OF NURSING).pdf

NR 293 Exam 2 n n n




1. Common cold: Most caused by viral infection: rhinovirus or influenza
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-Virus invades tissues causing upper respiratory infection
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2. Treatment for common cold: Symptomatic only, not curative "
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Empiric therapy" n




3. Empiric therapy: Treatment based on experience usually w/o adequate data to s
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upport its use n n




4. Antihistamines: Compete with histamine for specific receptor sites T
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wo histamine receptors: H1 and H2
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5. H1 (histamine 1): Commonly referred to as antihistamines
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Ex: fexofenadine (allegra), Ioratadine (claritin), diphenhydramine (benedryl)
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6. H2 (histamine 2): Used to reduce gastric acid in peptic ulcer disease
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7. Properties of antihistamines: Antihistaminic
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Anticholinergic

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,Sedative

8. Antihistamine MOA: Block action of histamine at H1 receptor sites, preventing a
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dverse consequences of histamine stimulation
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-Cannot push histamine off receptor if already bound
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-

More effective in preventing actions of histamine rather than reversing them (should be
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given early)
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9. Adverse consequences of histamine stimulation: Vasodilation I
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ncreased GI and respiratory secretions
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Increased capillary permeability
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10. Antihistamine uses: Management of: n n n




-Nasal allergies
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-Seasonal or perennial allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
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-Allergic reactions
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-Motion sickness
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-Parkinson's disease n

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,-Sleep disorders
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Relieve symptoms of common cold, sneezing, runny nose
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11. Adverse effects of antihistamines: Anticholinergic (drying) effects are most c
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ommon

-Dry mouth
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-Difficulty urinatingn




-Constipation

-Changes in vision n n




Also drowsiness: mild to deep sleep
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12. Contraindications of antihistamines: Acute asthma attacks
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Lower respiratory diseases (pneumonia)
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, 13. Traditional antihistamines: Peripherally and centrally acting
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More effective than non-sedating drugs
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Ex: Diphenhydramine, bronpheniramine, chlropheniramine, dimenhydrinate, meclizi
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e, proethazine n




14. Non-sedating antihistamines: Peripherally acting n n n




-Eliminate unwanted ASE (sedation) n n n




-Work peripherally to block histamine causing fewer CNS adverse effects
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-Longer duration of action (increases compliance)
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Ex: Fexofenadine (allegra), Ioratadine (claritin), cetirizine (zyrtec)
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15. Antihistamine nursing implications: Assess condition and drug allergies n n n n n n n n




Report excessive sedation, confusion, hypotension
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Avoid driving, alcohol, CNS depressants Best
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tolerated with meals n n




Frequent mouth care, chew gum, suck on hard candy for dry mouth Monito
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r for intended therapeutic effects
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4n/n79