PSY 324 Exam #2 Complete Assignment Questions And Answers Already Passed.

Recent work by Carsten de Dreu and colleagues (2010) suggests that oxytocin promotes - correct answer prosociality that is directed towards the in-group, but not toward the out-group, in-group favoritism, the automatic assumption that members of ones in-group experience complex moral emotions like embarrassment. MacLean (1990, 1993) proposed that the human forebrain includes three distinct systems, each of which developed in a distinct phase of vertebrate evolution. According to MacLean, the striatal region is - correct answer the stream of movement- earliest and most basic part of the forebrain, that coordinates marking and patrolling, and forming social groups Cunningham and colleagues (2004) asked participants to make judgments about the valence and emotional intensity of positively and negatively valenced concepts such as murder, love, gun control, and abortion while fMRI technologies captured activation in different areas of the brain. The key conclusion drawn by Cunningham et al. was that the amygdala is - correct answer responsive to the emotional intensity or salience of the stimulus. Tania Singer and her collaborators (2004) assessed brain activity while volunteers experienced a painful electric shock and compared it to that elicited when they observed a signal indicating that their loved one, present in the same room, was receiving a similar shock. Singer et al. found that when a participant felt pain ____________ whereas when a participant was signaled that their loved one experienced pain - correct answer their somato-sensory cortex and parts of their anterior cingulate cortex were activated; parts of their anterior cingulate cortex were activated. The opiates are central to.... - correct answer the experience of pleasure and liking of stimuli Genetically based asymmetries of function have been called affective styles by Davidson (1993) who arrived at this formulation in part based on a developmental study in which children encountered a robot and a stranger carrying a tray of toys. Children whose behavior led them to be classified in the uninhibited group ____________________ and showed relatively more EEG activation on the _______________. - correct answer readily explored the playroom and examined the toys; left as compared to the right hemispher The opposite of empathy is: - correct answer schadenfreude. The phenomenon called sham rage was documented by Cannon who observed that - correct answer cats deprived of their cerebral cortex are liable to make sudden, inappropriate, and ill-directed attacks. The basic tendency underlying desire, compassion, and enthusiasm is - correct answer approach important biological functions like eating, sexual behavior, aggression and bodily temperature are controlled by which one of the following brain regions? - correct answer hypothalamas Neurotransmitters: - correct answer neurochemicals that are released into the synapses of neurons and which diffused in milliseconds across synaptic gaps to activate or inhibit the receiving neuron or muscle fiber The ____________ region of the prefrontal cortex is centrally involved in the representation of goals, approach- and withdrawal-related tendencies, and is thought to represent anticipated rewards and punishment in consciousness. - correct answer orbitofrontal Joseph LeDoux (1993, 1996) proposed that it is the amygdala, rather than the limbic system as a whole, that is the emotional computer for the brain. LeDoux s thesis derives from evidence including that the amygdala - correct answer receives visual and auditory inputs directly from the thalamus. According to Kent Berridge, the nucleus accumbens and dopamine are central to - correct answer wanting Lane et al. (1997) would predict that a person s response to the sweet taste of a ripe strawberry would be associated with - correct answer more left-frontal than right-frontal activation in the brain. Distal affiliative cues like smiles and gestures serve as incentive stumuli; they motivate approach-related tendencies served by the release of - correct answer dopamine Eisenberger and her colleagues have proposed a social rejection thesis that implicates the dorsal region of the anterior cingulate in which of the following ways? - correct answer This region helps humans detect and respond to cues of rejection, separation, and exclusion. The periaqueductal gray (PAG) appears to be involved in which one of the following processes related to emotion? - correct answer 1) the PAG attenuates the pain response 2) the PAG is activated by signs of distress and negative emotion 3) the PAG engages caregiving tendencies 4) all of the responses are correct The prototype perspective about emotion knowledge assumes that - correct answer an object in a category that shows off typical features of the category According to the decision tree of appraisals associated with Lazarus s approach to emotions, negative emotions may occur if an event is - correct answer goal incongruent The emotion evoked by a situation can depend on perceived agency: an external attribution where events are seen to arise as a consequence of other people's actions can lead to feelings of _______ when the event is negative and ______ when the event is positive. - correct answer anger and gratitude Some people have a condition called alexithymia which means that they : - correct answer have problems putting into words how they feel As described by Lazarus (1991), the core relational theme associated with anxiety is: - correct answer facing and uncertain, existential threat The third phase in appraisal is _____ _______ - correct answer social sharing The Stoic, Chryssippus, described second movements of emotion which are assumed to be - correct answer cognitive and avoidable According to the decision tree of appraisals associated with Lazarus's approach to emotions, the second feature that amy be appraised is _____ _______ - correct answer goal congruence Phoebe Ellsworth and Craig Smith (1985, 1988) developed a theory of appraisal that can account for interesting similarities among emotions. In so doing they are taking a ____________ approach to emotions. - correct answer dimensional Research on primary appraisals of good and bad qualities of an event raises an intriguing question concerning the strength of positive and negative aprraisals. Reviews by Cacioppo and Gardner (1999), Baumeister et al. (2001) and Rozin and Royzman (2001) have posited that - correct answer negative evaluations are more potent than positive evaluations When making predictions about their future lives, people who are feeling sad expect to encounter ______________ more often than _______________ . - correct answer negative life events that have been caused by situational factors; unfair events that have been caused by other people. According to Dutton and Aron s (1974) study, young male passers-by were most likely to contact a female confederate after meeting her - correct answer on an anxiety-inducing suspension bridge. The styles of processing perspective assumes that - correct answer different emotions lead to different forms of reasoning. It is _______________ signaling that interrupts action when we encounter something that we fear. - correct answer organizational The _________ ________ portions of the prefontal cortex are centrally involved in self-representation, empathy, and experiences of reward, receiving input from the nucleus accumbens - correct answer medial prefrontal The triggers for some kinds of emotions have been found to vary widely across different cultures; however there are also substantial similarities. Comparisons of an American and Indian sample by Roseman et al (1995) showed that appraisals of powerlessness: - correct answer prompted sadness and fear rather than anger Russel (2003) says that the underlying dimensions of any emotional experience - correct answer valence and arousal Lazarus (1991) and Oatley and Johnson-Laird (1987,2011) assume that appraisals give rise to distinct emotions. In so doing they are taking a ______ approach to emotions - correct answer discrete According to the decision tree of appraisals associated with Lazarus s approach to emotions, the second feature that may be appraised is _____ ______ - correct answer goal congruence According to the decision tree of appraisals associated with Lazarus s approach to emotions, sadness is said to ba product of events that : - correct answer lead to a loss of self What's the function of the Nervous system? - correct answer detection, recognition, decision making, execution The CNS includes: - correct answer brain and spinal cord whats the function of the Somatic Nervous system - correct answer monitor internal world, carry out actions, muscle and body movement function of the Autonomic NS - correct answer controls some self regulation - glands and organs _____________ brings the body to rest, to conserve energy - correct answer parasympathetic nervous system