Finall Exam:l BIODl 102/l BIOD102l (Latestl
2025/l 2026l Update)l Essentiall Biologyl IIl
W/Labl |l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l
Portagel Learning
Q:l Whatl isl thel functionl ofl al ribosome?
Answer:
Tol bringl mRNAl togetherl withl tRNAl carryingl anl aminol acid
Q:l Inl whatl situationl wouldl thel nucleotidel excisionl repairl mechanisml bel used?
Answer:
Sometimesl entirel stretchesl ofl thel newlyl synthesizedl strandl mayl bel erroneous.l Inl thesel
instances,l thel celll willl deployl thel nucleotidel excisionl repairl mechanism
Q:l ________l proteinsl increasel transcriptionl byl facilitatingl protein-to-proteinl
interactionsl orl byl bindingl tol otherl regulatoryl regions.l ________l proteinsl causel genel
transcriptionl tol decreasel orl completelyl cease.
Answer:
Activator;l Repressor
Q:l Truel orl False;l Ifl false,l explainl whyl thel statementl isl false:l Eachl aminol acidl isl
codedl byl onlyl 1l tripletl sequence.
,Answer:
False;l Eachl aminol acidl canl bel codedl forl byl morel thanl onel tripletl sequence
Q:l Fill-in-the-Blank:l Thel laggingl strandl mustl bel replicatedl inl al seriesl ofl fragmentsl
calledl ____________.
Answer:
Okazakil fragments
Q:l Truel orl False;l Ifl false,l explainl whyl thel statementl isl false:l Selectivel degradationl
isl al forml ofl post-translationl regulation.
Answer:
True
Q:l Whatl arel thel threel modificationsl tol pre-mRNAl thatl occurl tol makel itl al functionall
mRNA?
Answer:
Thesel modificationsl includel thel additionl ofl al (1)l 5'l cap,l (2)l poly-A-tail,l andl (3)l RNAl
splicing
Q:l Fill-in-the-Blank:l Thel processl byl whichl genesl arel expressedl thatl encodel forl
proteinsl occursl inl twol stepsl calledl (1)l ________l andl (2)l _________.
Answer:
transcription;l translation
,Q:l Whichl ofl thel followingl isl notl onel ofl thel stepsl involvedl inl thel terminationl ofl
translation?
Answer:
Ribosomall subunitl bindsl tol maturel mRNA
Q:l Truel orl False;l Ifl false,l explainl whyl thel statementl isl false:l Duringl elongation,l
onlyl onel polymerasel canl activelyl transcribel al singlel genel atl onel time.
Answer:
False;l duringl elongation,l severall polymerasesl canl activelyl transcribel al singlel genel atl
onel time
Q:l Whichl ofl thel followingl enzymesl untwistsl andl separatesl thel helixl parentl strandsl atl
thel replicationl fork?
Answer:
Helicase
Q:l Whatl processl isl thel firstl stepl inl proteinl synthesisl thatl involvesl synthesizingl RNAl
froml DNA?
Answer:
Transcription
, Q:l Describel howl acetylationl andl methylationl ofl histonel proteinsl regulatel genel
expression.
Answer:
Acetylation,l whichl isl thel additionl ofl acetyll groupsl tol anl aminol acidl ofl thel histonel
(withinl chromatin)l tail,l flipsl thel switchl "on",l inducingl transcription.l Methylation,l whichl
isl thel additionl ofl methyll groupsl tol thel aminol acidl ofl thel histonel tail,l flipsl thel switchl
"off",l inhibitingl transcription
Q:l Whatl isl thel functionl ofl telomerase?
Answer:
Telomerasel facilitatesl thel lengtheningl ofl telomeres.l Telomerasel enzymesl arel thusl criticall
inl preservingl thel originall lengthl ofl thel leadingl strand
Q:l Whatl isl mismatchl repair?
Answer:
Mismatchl repairl occursl whenl otherl proteinsl identifyl inappropriatelyl mismatchedl
nucleotidesl andl replacel theml withl thel correctl nucleotide
Q:l Truel orl False;l Ifl false,l explainl whyl thel statementl isl false:l Thel polyadenylationl
sequencel immediatelyl signalsl thel endl ofl transcriptionl oncel transcribed.
Answer:
true
Q:l Atl whichl ofl thel followingl levelsl doesl regulationl ofl genel expressionl occur?l Selectl
alll thatl apply.
2025/l 2026l Update)l Essentiall Biologyl IIl
W/Labl |l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l
100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l
Portagel Learning
Q:l Whatl isl thel functionl ofl al ribosome?
Answer:
Tol bringl mRNAl togetherl withl tRNAl carryingl anl aminol acid
Q:l Inl whatl situationl wouldl thel nucleotidel excisionl repairl mechanisml bel used?
Answer:
Sometimesl entirel stretchesl ofl thel newlyl synthesizedl strandl mayl bel erroneous.l Inl thesel
instances,l thel celll willl deployl thel nucleotidel excisionl repairl mechanism
Q:l ________l proteinsl increasel transcriptionl byl facilitatingl protein-to-proteinl
interactionsl orl byl bindingl tol otherl regulatoryl regions.l ________l proteinsl causel genel
transcriptionl tol decreasel orl completelyl cease.
Answer:
Activator;l Repressor
Q:l Truel orl False;l Ifl false,l explainl whyl thel statementl isl false:l Eachl aminol acidl isl
codedl byl onlyl 1l tripletl sequence.
,Answer:
False;l Eachl aminol acidl canl bel codedl forl byl morel thanl onel tripletl sequence
Q:l Fill-in-the-Blank:l Thel laggingl strandl mustl bel replicatedl inl al seriesl ofl fragmentsl
calledl ____________.
Answer:
Okazakil fragments
Q:l Truel orl False;l Ifl false,l explainl whyl thel statementl isl false:l Selectivel degradationl
isl al forml ofl post-translationl regulation.
Answer:
True
Q:l Whatl arel thel threel modificationsl tol pre-mRNAl thatl occurl tol makel itl al functionall
mRNA?
Answer:
Thesel modificationsl includel thel additionl ofl al (1)l 5'l cap,l (2)l poly-A-tail,l andl (3)l RNAl
splicing
Q:l Fill-in-the-Blank:l Thel processl byl whichl genesl arel expressedl thatl encodel forl
proteinsl occursl inl twol stepsl calledl (1)l ________l andl (2)l _________.
Answer:
transcription;l translation
,Q:l Whichl ofl thel followingl isl notl onel ofl thel stepsl involvedl inl thel terminationl ofl
translation?
Answer:
Ribosomall subunitl bindsl tol maturel mRNA
Q:l Truel orl False;l Ifl false,l explainl whyl thel statementl isl false:l Duringl elongation,l
onlyl onel polymerasel canl activelyl transcribel al singlel genel atl onel time.
Answer:
False;l duringl elongation,l severall polymerasesl canl activelyl transcribel al singlel genel atl
onel time
Q:l Whichl ofl thel followingl enzymesl untwistsl andl separatesl thel helixl parentl strandsl atl
thel replicationl fork?
Answer:
Helicase
Q:l Whatl processl isl thel firstl stepl inl proteinl synthesisl thatl involvesl synthesizingl RNAl
froml DNA?
Answer:
Transcription
, Q:l Describel howl acetylationl andl methylationl ofl histonel proteinsl regulatel genel
expression.
Answer:
Acetylation,l whichl isl thel additionl ofl acetyll groupsl tol anl aminol acidl ofl thel histonel
(withinl chromatin)l tail,l flipsl thel switchl "on",l inducingl transcription.l Methylation,l whichl
isl thel additionl ofl methyll groupsl tol thel aminol acidl ofl thel histonel tail,l flipsl thel switchl
"off",l inhibitingl transcription
Q:l Whatl isl thel functionl ofl telomerase?
Answer:
Telomerasel facilitatesl thel lengtheningl ofl telomeres.l Telomerasel enzymesl arel thusl criticall
inl preservingl thel originall lengthl ofl thel leadingl strand
Q:l Whatl isl mismatchl repair?
Answer:
Mismatchl repairl occursl whenl otherl proteinsl identifyl inappropriatelyl mismatchedl
nucleotidesl andl replacel theml withl thel correctl nucleotide
Q:l Truel orl False;l Ifl false,l explainl whyl thel statementl isl false:l Thel polyadenylationl
sequencel immediatelyl signalsl thel endl ofl transcriptionl oncel transcribed.
Answer:
true
Q:l Atl whichl ofl thel followingl levelsl doesl regulationl ofl genel expressionl occur?l Selectl
alll thatl apply.
