ISTM 320 CHAPTER 9 EXAM WITH
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS| BEST VERSION FOR
REVISION| VERIFIED BY EXPERT| 2025
NEW UPDATE.
Purposes of database design - ANSWER ✔✔ 1. Structure the data in stable structures called
*normalized tables* that are not likely to change over time and that have minimal redundancy
2. Develop a logical database design that reflects the actual data requirements that exist in the
forms (hard copy and computer displays) and reports of an information system
3. Develop logical database design from which we can do physical database design, usually uses
a relational database model which represents data in simple tables with common columns to link
related tables
4. Translate a relational database model into a technical file and database design that balances
several performance factors
5. Choose data storage technologies (such as Read/Write DVD or optical disc) that will
effectively, accurately, and securely process database activities
File and database design steps - ANSWER ✔✔ 1. Develop logical database model
2. Develop physical database design
normalization - ANSWER ✔✔ a way to build a data model that has the properties of simplicity,
non redundancy, and minimal maintenance
4 key steps in Logical Database Modeling and Design - ANSWER ✔✔ 1. Develop a logical data
model for each known user interface (form and report) for the application using normalization
principles
2. Combine normalized data requirements from all user interfaces into one consolidated logical
database model (*view integration*)
3. Translate the conceptual ERD model for the application or enterprise, developed without
explicit consideration of specific UI, into normalized data requirements
4. Compare consolidated logical database design with the translated ER model and produce,
through view integration, one final logical database model for the application
, Physical design stage - ANSWER ✔✔ consider results of these four key logical database design
steps
also consider:
- definitions of each attribute
- descriptions of where/when data are entered, retrieved, deleted, and updated
- expectations for response time and data integrity
- descriptions of the file and database technologies to be used
These inputs allow you to make key physical database design decisions, like the following -
ANSWER ✔✔ - choosing the storage format (*data type*) for each attribute. involves choosing
length, coding scheme, number of decimal places, minimum and maximum values, and
potentially other paramters
- grouping attributes from logical database model into physical records (called *selecting a
stored record, or data, structure)
- arranging related records in secondary memory (hard disks and magnetic tapes) so that
individual records and groups of records can be stored, retrieved, and updated rapidly (*file
organization*). also consider protecting data and recovering data after errors are found
- selecting media and structures for storing data to make access more efficient
primary key - ANSWER ✔✔ an attribute (or combination of attributes) whose value is unique
across all occurrences of a relation
relational database model - ANSWER ✔✔ data represented as a set of related tables or relations
relation - ANSWER ✔✔ a named, two-dimensional table of data. each relation consists of a set
of named columns and an arbitrary number of named rows
Properties that distinguish relations from nonrelational tables - ANSWER ✔✔ 1. entries in cells
are simple -- an entry at the intersection of each row and column has a single value
2. entries in a given column are from the same set of values
3. each row is unique, uniqueness is guaranteed because the relation has a non-empty primary
key value
4. the sequence of columns can be interchanged without changing the meaning or use of the
relation
5. the rows may be interchanged or stored in any sequences
well-structured relation - ANSWER ✔✔ a relation that contains a minimum amount of
redundancy and that allows users to insert, modify, and delete the rows without error or
inconsistencies; also known as a table
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS| BEST VERSION FOR
REVISION| VERIFIED BY EXPERT| 2025
NEW UPDATE.
Purposes of database design - ANSWER ✔✔ 1. Structure the data in stable structures called
*normalized tables* that are not likely to change over time and that have minimal redundancy
2. Develop a logical database design that reflects the actual data requirements that exist in the
forms (hard copy and computer displays) and reports of an information system
3. Develop logical database design from which we can do physical database design, usually uses
a relational database model which represents data in simple tables with common columns to link
related tables
4. Translate a relational database model into a technical file and database design that balances
several performance factors
5. Choose data storage technologies (such as Read/Write DVD or optical disc) that will
effectively, accurately, and securely process database activities
File and database design steps - ANSWER ✔✔ 1. Develop logical database model
2. Develop physical database design
normalization - ANSWER ✔✔ a way to build a data model that has the properties of simplicity,
non redundancy, and minimal maintenance
4 key steps in Logical Database Modeling and Design - ANSWER ✔✔ 1. Develop a logical data
model for each known user interface (form and report) for the application using normalization
principles
2. Combine normalized data requirements from all user interfaces into one consolidated logical
database model (*view integration*)
3. Translate the conceptual ERD model for the application or enterprise, developed without
explicit consideration of specific UI, into normalized data requirements
4. Compare consolidated logical database design with the translated ER model and produce,
through view integration, one final logical database model for the application
, Physical design stage - ANSWER ✔✔ consider results of these four key logical database design
steps
also consider:
- definitions of each attribute
- descriptions of where/when data are entered, retrieved, deleted, and updated
- expectations for response time and data integrity
- descriptions of the file and database technologies to be used
These inputs allow you to make key physical database design decisions, like the following -
ANSWER ✔✔ - choosing the storage format (*data type*) for each attribute. involves choosing
length, coding scheme, number of decimal places, minimum and maximum values, and
potentially other paramters
- grouping attributes from logical database model into physical records (called *selecting a
stored record, or data, structure)
- arranging related records in secondary memory (hard disks and magnetic tapes) so that
individual records and groups of records can be stored, retrieved, and updated rapidly (*file
organization*). also consider protecting data and recovering data after errors are found
- selecting media and structures for storing data to make access more efficient
primary key - ANSWER ✔✔ an attribute (or combination of attributes) whose value is unique
across all occurrences of a relation
relational database model - ANSWER ✔✔ data represented as a set of related tables or relations
relation - ANSWER ✔✔ a named, two-dimensional table of data. each relation consists of a set
of named columns and an arbitrary number of named rows
Properties that distinguish relations from nonrelational tables - ANSWER ✔✔ 1. entries in cells
are simple -- an entry at the intersection of each row and column has a single value
2. entries in a given column are from the same set of values
3. each row is unique, uniqueness is guaranteed because the relation has a non-empty primary
key value
4. the sequence of columns can be interchanged without changing the meaning or use of the
relation
5. the rows may be interchanged or stored in any sequences
well-structured relation - ANSWER ✔✔ a relation that contains a minimum amount of
redundancy and that allows users to insert, modify, and delete the rows without error or
inconsistencies; also known as a table
