TESTgBANKgEssentialsgofgHumangDiseasesgandgConditionsg7/EgbygMargaretgFrazier
Chapterg01:gMechanismsgofgDisease,gDiagnosis,gandgTreatment
FraziergandgFuqua:gEssentialsgofgHumangDiseasesgandgConditions,g7thgEdition
MULTIPLEgCHOICE
1. Signsgofgdisease
a. alwaysgcausegsymptoms.
b. rarelygcorrelategwithgsymptoms.
c. includegabnormalgobjectivegfindings.
d. aregalwaysgdescribedgbygthegpatient.
ANS:g C
Signs,gorgabnormalgobjectivegfindings,garegthegevidencegofgdiseasegfoundgbygphysicalgexamin
ationgandgdiagnosticgtesting.gSignsgofgdiseasegoftengcorrelategwithgthegsymptoms.
REF:g g p.g2 OBJ:g g 2
2. Predisposinggfactorsgofgdisease
a. preciselygpredictgthegoccurrencegofgdisease.
b. makegagpersongorggroupgmoregvulnerablegtogdisease.
c. nevergoverlapgorgoccurgingcombination.
d. cangallgbegcontrolledgbygprevention.
ANS:g B
Agpersongmaygbegsusceptiblegtogaggreatergorglessergdegree,gbecausegofgonegorgmoregriskgfactor
sgthatgoverlapgorgoccurgingcombination.gPredisposinggfactorsgincludegage,ggender,glifestyle,ge
nvironment,gheredity,gandgimmunodeficiency.
REF:g g p.g2 OBJ:g g 3
3. Geneticgdiseasesgmaygbe
a. producedgbygangabnormalitygingorgmutationgofgtheggeneticgcodegingagsingleggene.
b. causedgbygseveralgabnormalggenes.
c. causedgbygthegabnormalgpresencegorgabsencegofgagchromosomegorgangalterationg
ofgthegstructuregofgchromosomes.
d. Allgofgtheganswergoptions
ANS:g D
Geneticgpredispositiong(inheritance)gcurrentlygisgconsideredgagmajorgriskgfactor.gHereditarygf
actorsgingdiseasegthatgappeargregularlygingsuccessiveggenerationsgareglikelygtogaffectgmalesgan
dgfemalesgequally.gHereditarygorggeneticgdiseasesgoftengdevelopgasgagresultgofgthegcombinedg
effectsgofginheritancegandgenvironmentalgfactors.
REF:g g p.g6 OBJ:g g 8
4. Whichgstatementgisgtruegofgbenigngtumors?
a. Tendgtogremaingencapsulated
b. Infiltrategsurroundinggtissue
c. Dognotgcompressgsurroundinggtissuegorgobstructgorgans
d. Dognotgresemblegthegtissuegofgorigin
, ANS:g A
Benigngtumorsgusuallygdevelopgslowlygandgcangarisegfromganygtissue.gTheygtendgtogremai
ngencapsulatedgandgdognotginfiltrategsurroundinggtissue.
REF:g g p.g7 OBJ:g g 7
5. Whichgstatementgisgtruegofgmalignantgtumors?
a. Tendgtoginfiltrategothergtissue.
b. Tendgtogbleed,gulcerate,gandgbecomeginfected.
c. Maygspreadgtogdistantgsitesgingthegbody.
d. Allgofgtheganswergoptions
ANS:g D
Malignantgtumorsgcangrepresentgagseriousgthreatgtogtheghealthgandglifegofgagperson.gCancergcel
lsgaregvariablegingappearancegandgdisorderlyg(anaplastic)gandgtendgtogbleed,gulcerate,gandgbec
omeginfected.gMalignantgtumorsghavegthegabilitygtoginfiltrategandginvadegthegsurroundinggtiss
ue.
Oftengmalignantgcellsgentergthegbloodstreamgorgtheglymphaticgvesselsgandgspreadgtogdista
ntgsitesgingthegbodygleadinggtogtumorggrowthgingothergareasgofgthegbody.
REF:g g p.g8 OBJ:g g 7
6. WhichgstatementgisgtruegregardinggthegTNMg(tumor,gnodes,gmetastasis)gcancergstaginggsystem?
a. Assessesgthegsizegandgextentgofgthegspreadgofgthegprimarygtumor.
b. Isgaggradinggsystemgbasedgongthegdegreegofgdifferentiationgofgtumorgcells.
c. Bothganswergoptionsgaregtrue.
d. Neitherganswergoptionsgaregtrue.
ANS:g A
Althoughgagnumbergofgdifferentgstaginggsystemsgexist,gthegmajoritygofgcancersgusegagTNMgsy
stem.gTNMgstaginggassessesgthegneoplasmgingthreegdifferentgareas:gthegsizegorgextentgofgthegp
rimarygtumorg(T),gthegextentgofgregionalglymphgnodeginvolvementgbygthegtumorg(N),gandgtheg
numbergofgdistantgmetastasesg(M).
REF:g g p.g10 OBJ:g g 10
7. ThegtumorgGleasonggradegreflectsgwhichginformationgaboutgthegtumor?
a. Stage
b. Degreegofgabnormalgmicroscopicgappearancegofgthegcells
c. Location
d. Nonegofgtheganswergoptions
ANS:g B
ThegGleasonggradegcorrelatesgwithgextentgofgdiseasegthroughoutgthegbodygandgwithgprognosis.
gAnalysisgofgprostategtumorghistologygisgperformed,gandgthegtwogpredominantgpatternsgaregre
cordedgandgscoredgfromg1gtog5g(1grepresentsgagwell-
differentiatedghistology;g5gisgthegmostgpoorlygdifferentiated).
REF:g g p.g12 OBJ:g g 10
8. Whichgstatementgcorrectlygstatesgthegsequencegofgangallergicgresponsegwithingthegbody?
a. ImmunoglobulingEg(IgE)gantibodiesgentergthegbodygandgproducegangallergen.
b. Thegreleasegofghistaminegsensitizesgmastgcellsgandgproducesgsymptoms.
, c. ExposuregtogallergengstimulatesgproductiongofgIgEgantibodiesgthatgcangsubsequentl
ygtriggergsymptomsgofgallergy.
d. Histaminegproducesgmastgcells,gwhichgstimulategplasmagcells.
ANS:g C
Initialgexposuregtogangallergen,gwhichgactsgasgangantigeng(agsubstancegthatgcausesgthegallergicgresp
onse),gstimulatesgthegproductiongofgIgEgantibodies,gandgthegpersongthusgisgsensitized.
REF:g g p.g14 OBJ:g g 14
9. Systemicgmanifestation(s)gofgseveregallergicgresponsesgincludegwhichgproblem?
a. Arthralgia
b. Statusgasthmaticus
c. Anaphylaxis
d. Allgofgtheganswergoptions
ANS:g D
Severegsystemicgmanifestationsgofgallergicgresponsesgincludeganaphylaxis,gserumgsickness,g
arthralgia,gandgstatusgasthmaticus.gForgexample,ganaphylaxisg(anaphylacticgshock),gthegresult
gofgagseveregsystemicgallergicgreaction,gcallsgforgemergencyglife-savinggintervention.
REF:g g p.g14 OBJ:g g 14
10. Whichgordergofgstepsgisgmostgaccurategwhengmakinggagdiagnosis?
a. Medicalghistory,gphysicalgexamination,gdiagnosticgtests,gdiagnosis,gintegrationgo
fgresults,gtreatment
b. Medicalghistory,gdiagnosticgtests,gphysicalgexamination,gtreatmentgplan
c. Physicalgexamination,gmedicalghistory,gradiographs,gprognosis,gintegrationgofgal
lginformation
d. Comparisongofgnormals,gphysicalgexamination,ghistory,gtreatmentgplan,gprognosis
ANS:g A
Establishinggagdiagnosisgisgagdecision-
makinggprocessgingwhichgdatagcollectedgfromgthegmedicalghistory,gphysicalgexamination,gand
gdiagnosticgtestsgareganalyzed,gintegrated,gandginterpreted.gAgdiagnosisgprovidesgaglogicalgbas
isgforgdetermininggtreatmentgandgprognosis.
REF:g g p.g16 OBJ:g g 16
11. Mechanicalgandgchemicalgbarriers,gtheginflammatorygresponse,gandgthegimmunegresponsegare
a. riskgfactorsgforgdisease.
b. thegcombinedgeffectsgofginheritancegandgenvironmentalgfactors.
c. includedgingthegbody’sgnaturalgdefensegsystemgagainstginfection.
d. agentsgthatgdamagegdeoxyribonucleicgacid.
ANS:g C
Thegbody’sgnaturalgdefensegsystemsgagainstginfectiongincludeg(1)gnaturalgmechanicalgandgche
micalgbarriers,gsuchgasgskin,gthegcilia,gbodygpH,gandgnormalgbodygflora;g(2)gtheginflammatory
gresponse;gandg(3)gthegimmunegresponse.
REF:g g p.g3 OBJ:g g 4
, 12. Immunegdisordersgaregthegresultgofgagbreakdowngingthegbody’sgdefensegsystemgthatgma
yggenerategwhichgproblems?
a. Allergies
b. Autoimmunegdiseases
c. Immunodeficiencygdisorders
d. Allgofgtheganswergoptions
ANS:g D
Thegimmunegsystemgisgagcomplexgnetworkgofgspecializedgcellsgandgorgansgthatghasgevolvedgtogdef
endgthegbodygagainstgattacksgbygforeigngorganisms.
REF:g g p.g14 OBJ:g g 13
13. Immunodeficiencygdisordersgresultgfrom
a. angexudativegresponse.
b. physicalgtrauma.
c. motorgvehiclegaccidents.
d. agdepressedgorgabsentgimmunegresponse.
ANS:g D
Causativegfactorsgcangbegprimary,gmanifestedgbygagcharacteristicgdecreasegingthegnumbergofgT
gcellsgandgBgcells,gleavinggthegbodygunablegtogadequatelygdefendgitselfgagainstginfectiongandgt
umors.
REF:g g p.g15 OBJ:g g 13
14. Whichgstatement(s)gis/aregcorrectgregardinggautoimmunegdiseases?
a. Thegdiseasesgallowgthegimmunegsystemgtogbecomegself-destructive.
b. Manygseriousgdiseasesghavegagstronggautoimmunegcomponent.
c. Bothganswergoptionsgaregcorrect.
d. Bothganswergoptionsgaregincorrect.
ANS:g C
Ingautoimmunegdiseases,gantibodiesgaregformedgagainstgself-
antigensgmistakenlygidentifiedgasgforeign.
REF:g g p.g15 OBJ:g g 15
15. Homeostasisgrefersgto
a. diseasegrelatedgtogage.
b. internalgstabilitygofgthegbody.
c. agchronicgdiseasegprocess.
d. geneticgpredispositiongtogdisease.
ANS:g B
Pathologicgconditionsginvolvegmeasurablegchangesgingnormalgstructuregandgfunctiongthatgthre
atengtheginternalgstability,gorghomeostasis,gofgthegbody.
REF:g g p.g2 OBJ:g g 1
16. Pathogensgcausegdiseasegby
a. invasiongofglivinggtissue.
Chapterg01:gMechanismsgofgDisease,gDiagnosis,gandgTreatment
FraziergandgFuqua:gEssentialsgofgHumangDiseasesgandgConditions,g7thgEdition
MULTIPLEgCHOICE
1. Signsgofgdisease
a. alwaysgcausegsymptoms.
b. rarelygcorrelategwithgsymptoms.
c. includegabnormalgobjectivegfindings.
d. aregalwaysgdescribedgbygthegpatient.
ANS:g C
Signs,gorgabnormalgobjectivegfindings,garegthegevidencegofgdiseasegfoundgbygphysicalgexamin
ationgandgdiagnosticgtesting.gSignsgofgdiseasegoftengcorrelategwithgthegsymptoms.
REF:g g p.g2 OBJ:g g 2
2. Predisposinggfactorsgofgdisease
a. preciselygpredictgthegoccurrencegofgdisease.
b. makegagpersongorggroupgmoregvulnerablegtogdisease.
c. nevergoverlapgorgoccurgingcombination.
d. cangallgbegcontrolledgbygprevention.
ANS:g B
Agpersongmaygbegsusceptiblegtogaggreatergorglessergdegree,gbecausegofgonegorgmoregriskgfactor
sgthatgoverlapgorgoccurgingcombination.gPredisposinggfactorsgincludegage,ggender,glifestyle,ge
nvironment,gheredity,gandgimmunodeficiency.
REF:g g p.g2 OBJ:g g 3
3. Geneticgdiseasesgmaygbe
a. producedgbygangabnormalitygingorgmutationgofgtheggeneticgcodegingagsingleggene.
b. causedgbygseveralgabnormalggenes.
c. causedgbygthegabnormalgpresencegorgabsencegofgagchromosomegorgangalterationg
ofgthegstructuregofgchromosomes.
d. Allgofgtheganswergoptions
ANS:g D
Geneticgpredispositiong(inheritance)gcurrentlygisgconsideredgagmajorgriskgfactor.gHereditarygf
actorsgingdiseasegthatgappeargregularlygingsuccessiveggenerationsgareglikelygtogaffectgmalesgan
dgfemalesgequally.gHereditarygorggeneticgdiseasesgoftengdevelopgasgagresultgofgthegcombinedg
effectsgofginheritancegandgenvironmentalgfactors.
REF:g g p.g6 OBJ:g g 8
4. Whichgstatementgisgtruegofgbenigngtumors?
a. Tendgtogremaingencapsulated
b. Infiltrategsurroundinggtissue
c. Dognotgcompressgsurroundinggtissuegorgobstructgorgans
d. Dognotgresemblegthegtissuegofgorigin
, ANS:g A
Benigngtumorsgusuallygdevelopgslowlygandgcangarisegfromganygtissue.gTheygtendgtogremai
ngencapsulatedgandgdognotginfiltrategsurroundinggtissue.
REF:g g p.g7 OBJ:g g 7
5. Whichgstatementgisgtruegofgmalignantgtumors?
a. Tendgtoginfiltrategothergtissue.
b. Tendgtogbleed,gulcerate,gandgbecomeginfected.
c. Maygspreadgtogdistantgsitesgingthegbody.
d. Allgofgtheganswergoptions
ANS:g D
Malignantgtumorsgcangrepresentgagseriousgthreatgtogtheghealthgandglifegofgagperson.gCancergcel
lsgaregvariablegingappearancegandgdisorderlyg(anaplastic)gandgtendgtogbleed,gulcerate,gandgbec
omeginfected.gMalignantgtumorsghavegthegabilitygtoginfiltrategandginvadegthegsurroundinggtiss
ue.
Oftengmalignantgcellsgentergthegbloodstreamgorgtheglymphaticgvesselsgandgspreadgtogdista
ntgsitesgingthegbodygleadinggtogtumorggrowthgingothergareasgofgthegbody.
REF:g g p.g8 OBJ:g g 7
6. WhichgstatementgisgtruegregardinggthegTNMg(tumor,gnodes,gmetastasis)gcancergstaginggsystem?
a. Assessesgthegsizegandgextentgofgthegspreadgofgthegprimarygtumor.
b. Isgaggradinggsystemgbasedgongthegdegreegofgdifferentiationgofgtumorgcells.
c. Bothganswergoptionsgaregtrue.
d. Neitherganswergoptionsgaregtrue.
ANS:g A
Althoughgagnumbergofgdifferentgstaginggsystemsgexist,gthegmajoritygofgcancersgusegagTNMgsy
stem.gTNMgstaginggassessesgthegneoplasmgingthreegdifferentgareas:gthegsizegorgextentgofgthegp
rimarygtumorg(T),gthegextentgofgregionalglymphgnodeginvolvementgbygthegtumorg(N),gandgtheg
numbergofgdistantgmetastasesg(M).
REF:g g p.g10 OBJ:g g 10
7. ThegtumorgGleasonggradegreflectsgwhichginformationgaboutgthegtumor?
a. Stage
b. Degreegofgabnormalgmicroscopicgappearancegofgthegcells
c. Location
d. Nonegofgtheganswergoptions
ANS:g B
ThegGleasonggradegcorrelatesgwithgextentgofgdiseasegthroughoutgthegbodygandgwithgprognosis.
gAnalysisgofgprostategtumorghistologygisgperformed,gandgthegtwogpredominantgpatternsgaregre
cordedgandgscoredgfromg1gtog5g(1grepresentsgagwell-
differentiatedghistology;g5gisgthegmostgpoorlygdifferentiated).
REF:g g p.g12 OBJ:g g 10
8. Whichgstatementgcorrectlygstatesgthegsequencegofgangallergicgresponsegwithingthegbody?
a. ImmunoglobulingEg(IgE)gantibodiesgentergthegbodygandgproducegangallergen.
b. Thegreleasegofghistaminegsensitizesgmastgcellsgandgproducesgsymptoms.
, c. ExposuregtogallergengstimulatesgproductiongofgIgEgantibodiesgthatgcangsubsequentl
ygtriggergsymptomsgofgallergy.
d. Histaminegproducesgmastgcells,gwhichgstimulategplasmagcells.
ANS:g C
Initialgexposuregtogangallergen,gwhichgactsgasgangantigeng(agsubstancegthatgcausesgthegallergicgresp
onse),gstimulatesgthegproductiongofgIgEgantibodies,gandgthegpersongthusgisgsensitized.
REF:g g p.g14 OBJ:g g 14
9. Systemicgmanifestation(s)gofgseveregallergicgresponsesgincludegwhichgproblem?
a. Arthralgia
b. Statusgasthmaticus
c. Anaphylaxis
d. Allgofgtheganswergoptions
ANS:g D
Severegsystemicgmanifestationsgofgallergicgresponsesgincludeganaphylaxis,gserumgsickness,g
arthralgia,gandgstatusgasthmaticus.gForgexample,ganaphylaxisg(anaphylacticgshock),gthegresult
gofgagseveregsystemicgallergicgreaction,gcallsgforgemergencyglife-savinggintervention.
REF:g g p.g14 OBJ:g g 14
10. Whichgordergofgstepsgisgmostgaccurategwhengmakinggagdiagnosis?
a. Medicalghistory,gphysicalgexamination,gdiagnosticgtests,gdiagnosis,gintegrationgo
fgresults,gtreatment
b. Medicalghistory,gdiagnosticgtests,gphysicalgexamination,gtreatmentgplan
c. Physicalgexamination,gmedicalghistory,gradiographs,gprognosis,gintegrationgofgal
lginformation
d. Comparisongofgnormals,gphysicalgexamination,ghistory,gtreatmentgplan,gprognosis
ANS:g A
Establishinggagdiagnosisgisgagdecision-
makinggprocessgingwhichgdatagcollectedgfromgthegmedicalghistory,gphysicalgexamination,gand
gdiagnosticgtestsgareganalyzed,gintegrated,gandginterpreted.gAgdiagnosisgprovidesgaglogicalgbas
isgforgdetermininggtreatmentgandgprognosis.
REF:g g p.g16 OBJ:g g 16
11. Mechanicalgandgchemicalgbarriers,gtheginflammatorygresponse,gandgthegimmunegresponsegare
a. riskgfactorsgforgdisease.
b. thegcombinedgeffectsgofginheritancegandgenvironmentalgfactors.
c. includedgingthegbody’sgnaturalgdefensegsystemgagainstginfection.
d. agentsgthatgdamagegdeoxyribonucleicgacid.
ANS:g C
Thegbody’sgnaturalgdefensegsystemsgagainstginfectiongincludeg(1)gnaturalgmechanicalgandgche
micalgbarriers,gsuchgasgskin,gthegcilia,gbodygpH,gandgnormalgbodygflora;g(2)gtheginflammatory
gresponse;gandg(3)gthegimmunegresponse.
REF:g g p.g3 OBJ:g g 4
, 12. Immunegdisordersgaregthegresultgofgagbreakdowngingthegbody’sgdefensegsystemgthatgma
yggenerategwhichgproblems?
a. Allergies
b. Autoimmunegdiseases
c. Immunodeficiencygdisorders
d. Allgofgtheganswergoptions
ANS:g D
Thegimmunegsystemgisgagcomplexgnetworkgofgspecializedgcellsgandgorgansgthatghasgevolvedgtogdef
endgthegbodygagainstgattacksgbygforeigngorganisms.
REF:g g p.g14 OBJ:g g 13
13. Immunodeficiencygdisordersgresultgfrom
a. angexudativegresponse.
b. physicalgtrauma.
c. motorgvehiclegaccidents.
d. agdepressedgorgabsentgimmunegresponse.
ANS:g D
Causativegfactorsgcangbegprimary,gmanifestedgbygagcharacteristicgdecreasegingthegnumbergofgT
gcellsgandgBgcells,gleavinggthegbodygunablegtogadequatelygdefendgitselfgagainstginfectiongandgt
umors.
REF:g g p.g15 OBJ:g g 13
14. Whichgstatement(s)gis/aregcorrectgregardinggautoimmunegdiseases?
a. Thegdiseasesgallowgthegimmunegsystemgtogbecomegself-destructive.
b. Manygseriousgdiseasesghavegagstronggautoimmunegcomponent.
c. Bothganswergoptionsgaregcorrect.
d. Bothganswergoptionsgaregincorrect.
ANS:g C
Ingautoimmunegdiseases,gantibodiesgaregformedgagainstgself-
antigensgmistakenlygidentifiedgasgforeign.
REF:g g p.g15 OBJ:g g 15
15. Homeostasisgrefersgto
a. diseasegrelatedgtogage.
b. internalgstabilitygofgthegbody.
c. agchronicgdiseasegprocess.
d. geneticgpredispositiongtogdisease.
ANS:g B
Pathologicgconditionsginvolvegmeasurablegchangesgingnormalgstructuregandgfunctiongthatgthre
atengtheginternalgstability,gorghomeostasis,gofgthegbody.
REF:g g p.g2 OBJ:g g 1
16. Pathogensgcausegdiseasegby
a. invasiongofglivinggtissue.
