STOTT PILATES ANATOMY EXAM PREP 2025
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED
A+
What muscles are responsible for scapular protraction?
Pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, serratus anterior
Name the socked in the hip joint where the head of the femur inserts
Acetabulum
List three physiological contributing factors to low back injuries
age, stress, pregnancy
What muscles are responsible for scapular retraction?
Trapezius, rhomboids, Latissimus dorsi
What muscles are responsible for scapular elevation?
Upper Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids
,What muscles are responsible for scapular depression?
latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, pectoralis major and minor, and the trapezius
muscles.
What muscles are responsible for scapular upward rotation?
Trapezius and serratus anterior
What muscles are responsible for scapular downward rotation?
latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and the pectoralis major and minor
muscles
Name two muscles/muscle groups and their disfunction that may cause scapular
winging:
tight/shortened pectoralis muscles
Weak serratus anterior
*Any exercise that helps strengthen the serratus can help with scapular winging.
What is scapular winging?
,Protrusion of the medial border of the scapulae
What is scapular tipping?
Protrusion of the inferior boarder/angle of the scapulae
Name the muscles/muscle groups and their disfunction that may cause scapular
tipping:
- tight/short pectoralis minor muscle - Pec minor attaches to the scapula at the
coracoid process. If it is tight, it will pull it forward.
- Weak lower trap - responsible for a downward pull of the scapula. If you have a
weak lower trap and a tight pec minor, the resting position of the scapula will bias
towards anterior tipping.
- faulty posture (kyphosis)
Name the rotator cuff muscles (SITS)
S.I.T.S.
supraspinatus,
infraspinatus,
teres minor,
, subscapularis
Describe the 2 actions of the forearm:
Supination - palm facing up
pronation - palm facing down
Which muscles oppose each other on the anteriorposterior sides of the foot?
Anterior: Dorsiflexors
Posterior: Plantar Flexors
Which muscles oppose each other on the later and rotary sides of the foot?
Lateral: Tibialis
Peroneals
What is the function of Tibialis anterior?
dorsiflexing and inverting the foot.
What is the function of the peroneas muscles?
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED
A+
What muscles are responsible for scapular protraction?
Pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, serratus anterior
Name the socked in the hip joint where the head of the femur inserts
Acetabulum
List three physiological contributing factors to low back injuries
age, stress, pregnancy
What muscles are responsible for scapular retraction?
Trapezius, rhomboids, Latissimus dorsi
What muscles are responsible for scapular elevation?
Upper Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids
,What muscles are responsible for scapular depression?
latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, pectoralis major and minor, and the trapezius
muscles.
What muscles are responsible for scapular upward rotation?
Trapezius and serratus anterior
What muscles are responsible for scapular downward rotation?
latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and the pectoralis major and minor
muscles
Name two muscles/muscle groups and their disfunction that may cause scapular
winging:
tight/shortened pectoralis muscles
Weak serratus anterior
*Any exercise that helps strengthen the serratus can help with scapular winging.
What is scapular winging?
,Protrusion of the medial border of the scapulae
What is scapular tipping?
Protrusion of the inferior boarder/angle of the scapulae
Name the muscles/muscle groups and their disfunction that may cause scapular
tipping:
- tight/short pectoralis minor muscle - Pec minor attaches to the scapula at the
coracoid process. If it is tight, it will pull it forward.
- Weak lower trap - responsible for a downward pull of the scapula. If you have a
weak lower trap and a tight pec minor, the resting position of the scapula will bias
towards anterior tipping.
- faulty posture (kyphosis)
Name the rotator cuff muscles (SITS)
S.I.T.S.
supraspinatus,
infraspinatus,
teres minor,
, subscapularis
Describe the 2 actions of the forearm:
Supination - palm facing up
pronation - palm facing down
Which muscles oppose each other on the anteriorposterior sides of the foot?
Anterior: Dorsiflexors
Posterior: Plantar Flexors
Which muscles oppose each other on the later and rotary sides of the foot?
Lateral: Tibialis
Peroneals
What is the function of Tibialis anterior?
dorsiflexing and inverting the foot.
What is the function of the peroneas muscles?
