Indian Polity Summary
1. Constitution of India
- Adopted: 26 November 1949
- Enforced: 26 January 1950
- Length: Longest written constitution in the world
- Parts: 25
- Schedules: 12
- Amendments: 105+ (as of 2025)
2. Features of the Constitution
- Federal system with a unitary bias
- Parliamentary form of government
- Independent judiciary
- Fundamental Rights (Part III)
- Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV)
- Fundamental Duties (Part IVA)
3. Preamble
- Describes India as: Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic
- Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity are core ideals
4. Union Government
President
- Head of State, ceremonial powers
- Elected by electoral college
- Emergency powers under Articles 352, 356, 360
1. Constitution of India
- Adopted: 26 November 1949
- Enforced: 26 January 1950
- Length: Longest written constitution in the world
- Parts: 25
- Schedules: 12
- Amendments: 105+ (as of 2025)
2. Features of the Constitution
- Federal system with a unitary bias
- Parliamentary form of government
- Independent judiciary
- Fundamental Rights (Part III)
- Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV)
- Fundamental Duties (Part IVA)
3. Preamble
- Describes India as: Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic
- Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity are core ideals
4. Union Government
President
- Head of State, ceremonial powers
- Elected by electoral college
- Emergency powers under Articles 352, 356, 360
