NUR 221 Exam 2
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Energy needed at rest to maintain
life-sustaining activities for a specific
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
amount of time. Older adults have a slow-
er BMR
Amount of energy needed to consume
over 24-hour period for the body to main-
Resting energy expenditure (REE)
tain internal working activities while at
rest
Main source of energy in the diet. com-
posed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxy-
gen. produces 4 kcal/g and serves as
the main source of fuel (glucose) for
Carbohydrates
the brain, skeletal muscles during exer-
cise, erythrocyte and leukocyte produc-
tion, and cell function of the renal medul-
la.
made up of amino acids. Necessary
for nitrogen balance. Proteins provide a
source of energy (4 kcal/g), and they are
Protein
essential for the growth, maintenance
and repair of body tissue. Consist of oxy-
gen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
Fats (lipids) are the most calorie-dense
nutrient, providing 9 kcal/g.
Fats (lipids)
Fats are composed of triglycerides and
fatty acids.
makes up 60-70% of body weight.
Water Infants have greatest percentage of total
body water
organic substances present in small
amounts in foods that are essential to
Vitamins normal metabolism. They are chemicals
that act as catalysts in biochemical reac-
tions.
inorganic elements essential to the body
Minerals
as catalysts in biochemical reactions.
, NUR 221 Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_4hnze9
normal BMI 18.5-24.9
overweight BMI 25-29.9
obese BMI >30
If a patient scores 11 or less on the
screening part, the health care provider
Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) completes the assessment part. A to-
tal score of less than 17 indicates pro-
tein-energy malnutrition.
by dividing 6.25 into the total grams of
Calculate nitrogen balance
protein ingested in a day
Albumin
Serum Laboratory Values Prealbumin
Hemoglobin
Albumin- 21 days (long term)
Metabolic half-life Transferrin- 8 days
Prealbumin- 2 days (acute term)
Normal Value (adult): 3.5-5.0 g/dl
<2.8 associated with edema
21 days half life (long term)
Albumin
Synthesized in the liver from amino
acids; indicator of prolonged protein de-
pletion
Normal value 15-36mg/dl
<10.7 is severe nutritional deficiency
Prealbumin acute term 2 days
Determines protein depletion in acute
conditions
12-16 g/dl in females
14-18 g/dl in males
Hemoglobin the iron-containing pigment of the Red
blood cells; assists with O2 and CO2
transport.
Fruitarian consumes fruit, nuts, honey, and olive oil
vegan consumes only plant food
, NUR 221 Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_4hnze9
Lactovegetarian drinks milk but avoids eggs
avoids meat, fish, and poultry, but eats
Ovolactovegetarian
eggs and milk
Difficulty swallowing, at risk for aspira-
tion. Need a speech and language con-
sult. Most common dysphagia is silent
Dysphagia
and occurs without a cough. patients eat
with a chin tuck and food goes on strong
side of the mouth
nothing by mouth. Rest the GI tract or
NPO Diet for patients with swallowing problems.re-
quire enternal if NPO >5 days
clients with dysphagia or wired jaws;
Pureed Diet foods that have been blenderized to
smooth consistency
reduces volume and frequency of stools
Soft/Low-residue diet includes easily digested foods that are
easy to chew and swallow
Dysphagia puree- pudding like
Dysphagia mechanically altered-soft tex-
ture
Dysphagia advanced- no hard, sticky or
Dysphagia diets- 4 levels crunchy foods
Regular
These levels are determined by a swal-
low test
Liquid thin (water),
Nectar-like (apricot, prune, tomato),
4 levels of liquid for dysphagia patients
Honey-like (smoothies, yogurt),
Spoon-thick (pudding)
nutrition may be provided with nasogas-
tric, gastric, or jejunal tubes. comes in
Enteral Nutrition cans or prefilled bags. Diarrhea can be
caused by bacteria being in the bag, bag
only good for 24 hours. If nausea, cramp-
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_4hnze9
Energy needed at rest to maintain
life-sustaining activities for a specific
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
amount of time. Older adults have a slow-
er BMR
Amount of energy needed to consume
over 24-hour period for the body to main-
Resting energy expenditure (REE)
tain internal working activities while at
rest
Main source of energy in the diet. com-
posed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxy-
gen. produces 4 kcal/g and serves as
the main source of fuel (glucose) for
Carbohydrates
the brain, skeletal muscles during exer-
cise, erythrocyte and leukocyte produc-
tion, and cell function of the renal medul-
la.
made up of amino acids. Necessary
for nitrogen balance. Proteins provide a
source of energy (4 kcal/g), and they are
Protein
essential for the growth, maintenance
and repair of body tissue. Consist of oxy-
gen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
Fats (lipids) are the most calorie-dense
nutrient, providing 9 kcal/g.
Fats (lipids)
Fats are composed of triglycerides and
fatty acids.
makes up 60-70% of body weight.
Water Infants have greatest percentage of total
body water
organic substances present in small
amounts in foods that are essential to
Vitamins normal metabolism. They are chemicals
that act as catalysts in biochemical reac-
tions.
inorganic elements essential to the body
Minerals
as catalysts in biochemical reactions.
, NUR 221 Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_4hnze9
normal BMI 18.5-24.9
overweight BMI 25-29.9
obese BMI >30
If a patient scores 11 or less on the
screening part, the health care provider
Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) completes the assessment part. A to-
tal score of less than 17 indicates pro-
tein-energy malnutrition.
by dividing 6.25 into the total grams of
Calculate nitrogen balance
protein ingested in a day
Albumin
Serum Laboratory Values Prealbumin
Hemoglobin
Albumin- 21 days (long term)
Metabolic half-life Transferrin- 8 days
Prealbumin- 2 days (acute term)
Normal Value (adult): 3.5-5.0 g/dl
<2.8 associated with edema
21 days half life (long term)
Albumin
Synthesized in the liver from amino
acids; indicator of prolonged protein de-
pletion
Normal value 15-36mg/dl
<10.7 is severe nutritional deficiency
Prealbumin acute term 2 days
Determines protein depletion in acute
conditions
12-16 g/dl in females
14-18 g/dl in males
Hemoglobin the iron-containing pigment of the Red
blood cells; assists with O2 and CO2
transport.
Fruitarian consumes fruit, nuts, honey, and olive oil
vegan consumes only plant food
, NUR 221 Exam 2
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_4hnze9
Lactovegetarian drinks milk but avoids eggs
avoids meat, fish, and poultry, but eats
Ovolactovegetarian
eggs and milk
Difficulty swallowing, at risk for aspira-
tion. Need a speech and language con-
sult. Most common dysphagia is silent
Dysphagia
and occurs without a cough. patients eat
with a chin tuck and food goes on strong
side of the mouth
nothing by mouth. Rest the GI tract or
NPO Diet for patients with swallowing problems.re-
quire enternal if NPO >5 days
clients with dysphagia or wired jaws;
Pureed Diet foods that have been blenderized to
smooth consistency
reduces volume and frequency of stools
Soft/Low-residue diet includes easily digested foods that are
easy to chew and swallow
Dysphagia puree- pudding like
Dysphagia mechanically altered-soft tex-
ture
Dysphagia advanced- no hard, sticky or
Dysphagia diets- 4 levels crunchy foods
Regular
These levels are determined by a swal-
low test
Liquid thin (water),
Nectar-like (apricot, prune, tomato),
4 levels of liquid for dysphagia patients
Honey-like (smoothies, yogurt),
Spoon-thick (pudding)
nutrition may be provided with nasogas-
tric, gastric, or jejunal tubes. comes in
Enteral Nutrition cans or prefilled bags. Diarrhea can be
caused by bacteria being in the bag, bag
only good for 24 hours. If nausea, cramp-
