Bio 182 Exam 1|With Actual Correct
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Scientific Method Definition - ANSWER ✔✔ Deliberate and unbiased way of asking and
answering questions about the natural world
What are the steps to the scientific method? - ANSWER ✔✔ Observation, hypothesis,
prediction, experiments of new observations, and theory
Observation - ANSWER ✔✔ Allows us to ask focused questions about nature
Hypothesis - ANSWER ✔✔ statement about nature that can be tested by experiments and
observations. They r testable because made future predictions about observations
How has life evolved? - ANSWER ✔✔ By means of natural selection
Test Group - ANSWER ✔✔ Researchers will add in variables into one group that might have
some sort of effect
Control Group - ANSWER ✔✔ Expectation that no effect will occur
Variable - ANSWER ✔✔ Feature of an experiment that is changed by experimentor from one
treatment to the next
Characteristics of Life - ANSWER ✔✔ Reproduction, homeostasis, growth and development,
energy utilization, evolutionary adaptation, and response
What ensures the baseline and assures the experiment that everything is working as it should -
ANSWER ✔✔ The control group assures everything is working fine
organization/order - ANSWER ✔✔ Larger parts are made up of smaller parts, each with a
designated part
Metabolism - ANSWER ✔✔ Living organisms must do chemical reactions for the purpose of
growth, development and energy utilization
,Hierarchy of Higher Life - ANSWER ✔✔ Atom, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells,
tissues, organs, organ systems, Multi-organ systems
Resposiveness - ANSWER ✔✔ Organisms must respond to external stimulus by making internal
changes (homeostasis)
Homeostasis - ANSWER ✔✔ Maintaining constant internal conditions based on external
stimulus
Acclimization - ANSWER ✔✔ Changing in the cells, tissues, and organs to support homeostasis
Theory - ANSWER ✔✔ General explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by a large body
of experiments and observations (good hypothesis + predicted outcomes)
What's the difference between the living and nonliving environment? - ANSWER ✔✔ Living
and nonliving worlds share the same chemical foundatio ns and obey the same physical laws.
There is nothing special about our chemical components when taken individually. However, the
relative abundance of elements differ greatly.
What does the Earth's crust mainly consist of? - ANSWER ✔✔ Oxygen and silicon with
significant amounts of Aluminum, iron, and calcium.
What do organisms mainly consist of - ANSWER ✔✔ carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen
True or False: living and nonliving worlds follow the same chemical rules as living things -
ANSWER ✔✔ True all living things are subjected to the same physical laws of nature however
the relative abundances in living and nonliving things greatly differ
First Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER ✔✔ Energy cannot be destroyed or created only
transformed. All organisms obtain energy from organic compounds or the sun.
second law of thermodynamics - ANSWER ✔✔ degree of disorder (entropy) in the universe
tends to increase.
Why aren't viruses considered a living organism - ANSWER ✔✔ They don't have the ability to
harness energy from the environment, they require cells as hosts in order to read and use the
information contained in their genetic material, and they require cells as hosts in order to
replicate.
When is there evolution? - ANSWER ✔✔ When there is variation within a population of
organisms, and, that variation can be inherited, the variants best able to grow and reproduce in a
particular environment, they will contribute disproportionately to the next generation, which
leads to a change in the population over time.
,Prokaryotes - ANSWER ✔✔ Lack membrane bound organelles. Unicellular. Lack a membrane
bound nucleus. Generally contain simple genomes. Lack introns. Less number of genes relative
to eukaryotes
What is considered prokaryotes? - ANSWER ✔✔ Bacteria and Archaea
Do prokaryotes have a plasma membrane? - ANSWER ✔✔ Yes everything has a plasma
membrane
Eukaryotes - ANSWER ✔✔ Can be unicellular or multi-cellular, contain membrane bound
organelles, organelles, and a membrane bound nucleus Introns are spliced, linear chromosomes,
and large numbers of genes
What is considered to be eukaryotes - ANSWER ✔✔ Animals, plants, fungi, and protists
What are the three domains of life - ANSWER ✔✔ Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Archaea
Bacteria Domain (Eubacteria Kingdom) - ANSWER ✔✔ Bacteria are prokaryotic, plasma
membrane composed of fatty acid chains (phospholipid layers), and cell walls contain
peptidoglycan. Gram positive vs negative, and Circular, double stranded DNA
Archaea Domain - ANSWER ✔✔ Prokaryotic, cell membrane composed of branded
hydrocarbon chains (Distict from both eukaryotes and bacteria.) Cell walls do NOT contain
peptidoglycan. The cell wall component between species, but is often polysaccharides (many
sugars) or glycoproteins. They contain circular DNA
Extreme Halo philesphiles - ANSWER ✔✔ Love salt. They live very salty water
Hyperthermophiles - ANSWER ✔✔ Love high heat
What are examples of Extremophiles - ANSWER ✔✔ Archaea; they love extreme habitats
Acidophiles - ANSWER ✔✔ Love acid
Protista - ANSWER ✔✔ Simple, predominately unicellular and have a wide variety of methods
to obtain nutrients (Ex Algae
Plantae - ANSWER ✔✔ Multicellular, contain cell walls, obtain energy by photosynthesis and
absorption
Animalia - ANSWER ✔✔ Multicellular, organized tissues, obtain nutrients by ingestion.
Examples: sponges, worms, vertebrates, insects etc.
, Essential Cell Features - ANSWER ✔✔ An ability to store and transmit information, a plasma
membrane that creates a distinct boundary separating the cell interior from the external
environment, and an ability to harness materials and energy from the environment.
Which of the following types of organisms are based on cellular life? - ANSWER ✔✔ All living
organisms are based on cells
Which of the following types of organisms most likely resembles the first cells on Earth? -
ANSWER ✔✔ Archaea/Bacteria
How to read phylogenetic Trees - ANSWER ✔✔ The root of the tree represents the ancestral
lineage, the tips represent the descendants of that ancestor. As you move from the root to the tips,
you are moving forward in time
Nodes - ANSWER ✔✔ Common ancestor (bottom of the phylogenetic trees)
Phylogenetic trees are what - ANSWER ✔✔ Hypotheses about the evolution of species based on
data
Evolution - ANSWER ✔✔ Species evolve over time due to environmental factors and genetic
variation
Natural Selection - ANSWER ✔✔ Genetic variation (inheritable) that introduces mutations
beneficial for survival will selectively out-complete mutations that diminish survival
How does variation arise - ANSWER ✔✔ Mutations in the DNA
How are mutations in DNA caused - ANSWER ✔✔ Sexual reproduction, errors in DNA
duplication, errors in meiosis, environmental factors (UV radiation)
What happens when those mutations are favorable in the environment? - ANSWER ✔✔ The
advantages traits will slowly take over the species
What happens when they are not favorable in the environment? - ANSWER ✔✔ The genes will
die off; unless there is artificial selection (technology) to interfere
Evolution of species - ANSWER ✔✔ Organisms are evolving over time. Genetic variation is
random, and natural selection leads to variations surviving in a population
Every day evidence of Evolution - ANSWER ✔✔ We have observed evolution such as the Elena
and Lenski experiment (E. Coli) Many other studies on rapidly reproducing species have been
done.
Questions And Verified Detailed Answers By
Experts| Frequently Tested| Already Graded
A+|Newest|Latest Update| Guaranteed
Pass!!!
Scientific Method Definition - ANSWER ✔✔ Deliberate and unbiased way of asking and
answering questions about the natural world
What are the steps to the scientific method? - ANSWER ✔✔ Observation, hypothesis,
prediction, experiments of new observations, and theory
Observation - ANSWER ✔✔ Allows us to ask focused questions about nature
Hypothesis - ANSWER ✔✔ statement about nature that can be tested by experiments and
observations. They r testable because made future predictions about observations
How has life evolved? - ANSWER ✔✔ By means of natural selection
Test Group - ANSWER ✔✔ Researchers will add in variables into one group that might have
some sort of effect
Control Group - ANSWER ✔✔ Expectation that no effect will occur
Variable - ANSWER ✔✔ Feature of an experiment that is changed by experimentor from one
treatment to the next
Characteristics of Life - ANSWER ✔✔ Reproduction, homeostasis, growth and development,
energy utilization, evolutionary adaptation, and response
What ensures the baseline and assures the experiment that everything is working as it should -
ANSWER ✔✔ The control group assures everything is working fine
organization/order - ANSWER ✔✔ Larger parts are made up of smaller parts, each with a
designated part
Metabolism - ANSWER ✔✔ Living organisms must do chemical reactions for the purpose of
growth, development and energy utilization
,Hierarchy of Higher Life - ANSWER ✔✔ Atom, molecules, macromolecules, organelles, cells,
tissues, organs, organ systems, Multi-organ systems
Resposiveness - ANSWER ✔✔ Organisms must respond to external stimulus by making internal
changes (homeostasis)
Homeostasis - ANSWER ✔✔ Maintaining constant internal conditions based on external
stimulus
Acclimization - ANSWER ✔✔ Changing in the cells, tissues, and organs to support homeostasis
Theory - ANSWER ✔✔ General explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by a large body
of experiments and observations (good hypothesis + predicted outcomes)
What's the difference between the living and nonliving environment? - ANSWER ✔✔ Living
and nonliving worlds share the same chemical foundatio ns and obey the same physical laws.
There is nothing special about our chemical components when taken individually. However, the
relative abundance of elements differ greatly.
What does the Earth's crust mainly consist of? - ANSWER ✔✔ Oxygen and silicon with
significant amounts of Aluminum, iron, and calcium.
What do organisms mainly consist of - ANSWER ✔✔ carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen
True or False: living and nonliving worlds follow the same chemical rules as living things -
ANSWER ✔✔ True all living things are subjected to the same physical laws of nature however
the relative abundances in living and nonliving things greatly differ
First Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER ✔✔ Energy cannot be destroyed or created only
transformed. All organisms obtain energy from organic compounds or the sun.
second law of thermodynamics - ANSWER ✔✔ degree of disorder (entropy) in the universe
tends to increase.
Why aren't viruses considered a living organism - ANSWER ✔✔ They don't have the ability to
harness energy from the environment, they require cells as hosts in order to read and use the
information contained in their genetic material, and they require cells as hosts in order to
replicate.
When is there evolution? - ANSWER ✔✔ When there is variation within a population of
organisms, and, that variation can be inherited, the variants best able to grow and reproduce in a
particular environment, they will contribute disproportionately to the next generation, which
leads to a change in the population over time.
,Prokaryotes - ANSWER ✔✔ Lack membrane bound organelles. Unicellular. Lack a membrane
bound nucleus. Generally contain simple genomes. Lack introns. Less number of genes relative
to eukaryotes
What is considered prokaryotes? - ANSWER ✔✔ Bacteria and Archaea
Do prokaryotes have a plasma membrane? - ANSWER ✔✔ Yes everything has a plasma
membrane
Eukaryotes - ANSWER ✔✔ Can be unicellular or multi-cellular, contain membrane bound
organelles, organelles, and a membrane bound nucleus Introns are spliced, linear chromosomes,
and large numbers of genes
What is considered to be eukaryotes - ANSWER ✔✔ Animals, plants, fungi, and protists
What are the three domains of life - ANSWER ✔✔ Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Archaea
Bacteria Domain (Eubacteria Kingdom) - ANSWER ✔✔ Bacteria are prokaryotic, plasma
membrane composed of fatty acid chains (phospholipid layers), and cell walls contain
peptidoglycan. Gram positive vs negative, and Circular, double stranded DNA
Archaea Domain - ANSWER ✔✔ Prokaryotic, cell membrane composed of branded
hydrocarbon chains (Distict from both eukaryotes and bacteria.) Cell walls do NOT contain
peptidoglycan. The cell wall component between species, but is often polysaccharides (many
sugars) or glycoproteins. They contain circular DNA
Extreme Halo philesphiles - ANSWER ✔✔ Love salt. They live very salty water
Hyperthermophiles - ANSWER ✔✔ Love high heat
What are examples of Extremophiles - ANSWER ✔✔ Archaea; they love extreme habitats
Acidophiles - ANSWER ✔✔ Love acid
Protista - ANSWER ✔✔ Simple, predominately unicellular and have a wide variety of methods
to obtain nutrients (Ex Algae
Plantae - ANSWER ✔✔ Multicellular, contain cell walls, obtain energy by photosynthesis and
absorption
Animalia - ANSWER ✔✔ Multicellular, organized tissues, obtain nutrients by ingestion.
Examples: sponges, worms, vertebrates, insects etc.
, Essential Cell Features - ANSWER ✔✔ An ability to store and transmit information, a plasma
membrane that creates a distinct boundary separating the cell interior from the external
environment, and an ability to harness materials and energy from the environment.
Which of the following types of organisms are based on cellular life? - ANSWER ✔✔ All living
organisms are based on cells
Which of the following types of organisms most likely resembles the first cells on Earth? -
ANSWER ✔✔ Archaea/Bacteria
How to read phylogenetic Trees - ANSWER ✔✔ The root of the tree represents the ancestral
lineage, the tips represent the descendants of that ancestor. As you move from the root to the tips,
you are moving forward in time
Nodes - ANSWER ✔✔ Common ancestor (bottom of the phylogenetic trees)
Phylogenetic trees are what - ANSWER ✔✔ Hypotheses about the evolution of species based on
data
Evolution - ANSWER ✔✔ Species evolve over time due to environmental factors and genetic
variation
Natural Selection - ANSWER ✔✔ Genetic variation (inheritable) that introduces mutations
beneficial for survival will selectively out-complete mutations that diminish survival
How does variation arise - ANSWER ✔✔ Mutations in the DNA
How are mutations in DNA caused - ANSWER ✔✔ Sexual reproduction, errors in DNA
duplication, errors in meiosis, environmental factors (UV radiation)
What happens when those mutations are favorable in the environment? - ANSWER ✔✔ The
advantages traits will slowly take over the species
What happens when they are not favorable in the environment? - ANSWER ✔✔ The genes will
die off; unless there is artificial selection (technology) to interfere
Evolution of species - ANSWER ✔✔ Organisms are evolving over time. Genetic variation is
random, and natural selection leads to variations surviving in a population
Every day evidence of Evolution - ANSWER ✔✔ We have observed evolution such as the Elena
and Lenski experiment (E. Coli) Many other studies on rapidly reproducing species have been
done.
