USAHS NEUROSCIENCE EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024 WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS (DETAILED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ 100% GUARANTEED TO PASS CONCEPTS!!!

USAHS NEUROSCIENCE EXAM 2 NEWEST 2024 WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS (DETAILED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+ 100% GUARANTEED TO PASS CONCEPTS!!! What is the order of layers that protect the brain? - ANSWER-S- skin C- connective tissue A- aponeurosa L- loose connective tissue P- pericranium Which layer of the meninges is perforated to allow room for cranial nerves and blood vessels? - ANSWER-Dura mater Separations of the ________ membranes create sinuses that are important for the venous drainage system. - ANSWER-Dura The _____________ layer has trabeculae that suspend the brain. - ANSWERArachnoid True or false: Arachnoid granulation serve as one way valves to the duralumin sinus. - ANSWER-TrueTrue or false: Dentate ligaments are pia mater. - ANSWER-True What is significant about the epidural space? - ANSWER-It contains the middle meningeal artery (a branch off of the external carotid) What goes through foramen spinosum? - ANSWER-middle meningeal artery An ___________ _____________ is typically the result of traumatic rupture of the MMA due to temporal bone fracture. May initially be asymptomatic but within hours have increased ICP, herniation, and death. - ANSWER-Epidural hematoma The ____________ space is between the dura and the arachnoid. Contains bridging veins that cross at the subdural space and drain into the venous sinuses. - ANSWER-Subdural What is a subdural hematoma? - ANSWER-Rupture of the bridging veins which are susceptible to shear forces. Two types: chronic (elderly) and acute The _______________ space is between the arachnoid and pia mater. Contains major arteries of the brain as well as CSF. - ANSWER-Subarachnoid What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? - ANSWER-Two types: traumatic and non traumatic, bleeding into the CSF, presents as a severe HA Common herniations? - ANSWER-Central, tonsillar, uncal transtenorial, *ONE MORE CHECK fig. 5.8)The neural tube becomes the _____________. - ANSWER-Ventricles The third ventricle is surrounded by the ____________. - ANSWERDiencephalon (thalamus) What is the flow of CSF? - ANSWER-Lateral ventricles through the foramen of Monroe to the 3rd ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct to the 4th ventricle and out through the foramen of magendie True or false: The choroid plexus exists within each of the ventricles and is constantly producing CSF, creating a small pressure gradient. - ANSWER-True (functions are buoyancy, cushioning, cleaning, and ionic balance) The choroid plexus is made of _____________ cells that produce CSF and assist in circulating it by movement of their cilli. - ANSWER-Ependymal _________ are large pockets in the subarachnoid space. - ANSWER-Cistern What is the cistern that is located between the cerebellum and medulla? - ANSWER-Cisterna magna (cerebellar medullary cistern); other cisterns are the pontine and interpeduncular. There is a large cistern found in the lumbar area of the spine; it is useful because it provides a place to extract ________ through a lumbar puncture. - ANSWER-CSF Normal CSF pressures? - ANSWER-Adult: 80-180mm of h2o Obese adult: 250mm h2oInfant: 10-100mm h2o What is the normal visual appearance of CSF? - ANSWER-Sparkling clear (abnormal would be cloudy or colored) What is a normal cell count for CSF? - ANSWER-normal: 5 wbc's/mm^3 suspicious: 5 up to 10 wbc's/mm^3 pathological: 10 wbc's/