WGU D312 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I OBJECTIVE
ASSESSMENT ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT VERSION>
Transverse plane - answer-Horizontal plane that divides the body into the top
and bottom
Coronal plane - answer-Vertical plane that divides the body into front and back
sections
Sagittal plane - answer-Plane that divides the body into left and right sections
Cephalic - answer-Toward the head -same as superior for a human
Abdominal cavity - answer-Contains most of the digestive organs - stomach,
liver, pancreas, intestines - and some of the urinary structures - the kidney and
the ureters. The upper boundary is the diaphragm and the lower boundary is
the brim of the pelvis (landmark of the pelvis bones)
,Pelvic cavity - answer-Contains the bladder, anus and reproductive organs and
is enclosed by the pelvis
Abdominopelvic cavity - answer-Since there is no anatomical division between
the 2 cavities they are occasionally referred to as 1 region
Homeostasis - answer-The dynamic physiological process that helps people
maintain an internal environment suitable for normal function
Feedback loop - answer-A system used to control the level of a variable in
which there is an identifiable receptor (sensor) control center (integrator or
comparator) effectors, and methods of communication
Variables - answer-Parameters that are monitored and controlled or affected
by the feedback system
Receptors or sensors - answer-Detect changes in the variable
Control centers or integrators - answer-Compare the variable in relation to a
set point and signal the effectors to generate a response. These centers
sometimes consider info other than just the level of variable in decision
making, such as time of day, age, external conditions, etc.
Effectors - answer-Execute the necessary changes to adjust the variable
Methods of communication - answer-Components of the feedback loop that
are necessary in order for it to function. This often occurs through nerves or
,hormones. In some cases the receptors and control centers are the same
structures so there is no need for these signaling modes in that part of the loop
Feedback cycle - answer-Any situation in which a variable is regulated and the
level of the variable impacts the direction in which the variable changes (i.e.
increases or decreases) even if there is not clearly identified loop components
Stimulus - answer-Change in the environment
Set point - answer-Ideal level of homeostasis
Positive feedback loop - answer-Change in a given direction causes additional
change in the same direction. An example is contractions during labor which
amplify over time until the birth.
Negative feedback loop - answer-Change in a given direction causes change in
the opposite direction. An example is the way our body helps maintain normal
body temperature.
Pituitary gland - answer-Controls the release of hormones from many other
endocrine glands
Parathyroid hormone - answer-Secreted by the parathyroid gland when blood
calcium is low. The hormone causes effector organs I.e. kidney and bones to
respond. The kidneys prevent calcium from being excreted in the urine.
Osteoclasts in bones break down bone tissue and release calcium.
, Organ system - answer-Integrated collection of organs in the body that work
together to perform a function. Organ systems contribute to at least 1 of 4
vital functions of life.
Ligaments - answer-Band-like elastic structures that surrounds joints to hold
them together. These structures connect one bone to another and allow
movement in specific directions.
Sensory nerves - answer-Carry sensory input to the brain or spinal cord from
the environment
Motor nerves - answer-Carry motor impulses from the brain or spinal cord to
the muscles or glands
Mixed nerves - answer-Have a combination of sensory and motor neurons in
one nerve
Neurons - answer-Specialized cells that carry signals via electrical impulses.
These are the basic functional units of the nervous system and release
chemical substances called neurotransmitters.
Neurotransmitters - answer-Chemical substance that transmits information to
other neurons, muscles or glands.
ASSESSMENT ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT VERSION>
Transverse plane - answer-Horizontal plane that divides the body into the top
and bottom
Coronal plane - answer-Vertical plane that divides the body into front and back
sections
Sagittal plane - answer-Plane that divides the body into left and right sections
Cephalic - answer-Toward the head -same as superior for a human
Abdominal cavity - answer-Contains most of the digestive organs - stomach,
liver, pancreas, intestines - and some of the urinary structures - the kidney and
the ureters. The upper boundary is the diaphragm and the lower boundary is
the brim of the pelvis (landmark of the pelvis bones)
,Pelvic cavity - answer-Contains the bladder, anus and reproductive organs and
is enclosed by the pelvis
Abdominopelvic cavity - answer-Since there is no anatomical division between
the 2 cavities they are occasionally referred to as 1 region
Homeostasis - answer-The dynamic physiological process that helps people
maintain an internal environment suitable for normal function
Feedback loop - answer-A system used to control the level of a variable in
which there is an identifiable receptor (sensor) control center (integrator or
comparator) effectors, and methods of communication
Variables - answer-Parameters that are monitored and controlled or affected
by the feedback system
Receptors or sensors - answer-Detect changes in the variable
Control centers or integrators - answer-Compare the variable in relation to a
set point and signal the effectors to generate a response. These centers
sometimes consider info other than just the level of variable in decision
making, such as time of day, age, external conditions, etc.
Effectors - answer-Execute the necessary changes to adjust the variable
Methods of communication - answer-Components of the feedback loop that
are necessary in order for it to function. This often occurs through nerves or
,hormones. In some cases the receptors and control centers are the same
structures so there is no need for these signaling modes in that part of the loop
Feedback cycle - answer-Any situation in which a variable is regulated and the
level of the variable impacts the direction in which the variable changes (i.e.
increases or decreases) even if there is not clearly identified loop components
Stimulus - answer-Change in the environment
Set point - answer-Ideal level of homeostasis
Positive feedback loop - answer-Change in a given direction causes additional
change in the same direction. An example is contractions during labor which
amplify over time until the birth.
Negative feedback loop - answer-Change in a given direction causes change in
the opposite direction. An example is the way our body helps maintain normal
body temperature.
Pituitary gland - answer-Controls the release of hormones from many other
endocrine glands
Parathyroid hormone - answer-Secreted by the parathyroid gland when blood
calcium is low. The hormone causes effector organs I.e. kidney and bones to
respond. The kidneys prevent calcium from being excreted in the urine.
Osteoclasts in bones break down bone tissue and release calcium.
, Organ system - answer-Integrated collection of organs in the body that work
together to perform a function. Organ systems contribute to at least 1 of 4
vital functions of life.
Ligaments - answer-Band-like elastic structures that surrounds joints to hold
them together. These structures connect one bone to another and allow
movement in specific directions.
Sensory nerves - answer-Carry sensory input to the brain or spinal cord from
the environment
Motor nerves - answer-Carry motor impulses from the brain or spinal cord to
the muscles or glands
Mixed nerves - answer-Have a combination of sensory and motor neurons in
one nerve
Neurons - answer-Specialized cells that carry signals via electrical impulses.
These are the basic functional units of the nervous system and release
chemical substances called neurotransmitters.
Neurotransmitters - answer-Chemical substance that transmits information to
other neurons, muscles or glands.
