BIOL 250 Exam 1 Test, Study Guide \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
questions with answers \| \|
A pure culture
\| \|
A) is sterile.
\| \|
B) is a population of identical cells.
\| \| \| \| \| \|
C) is made of a precisely defined chemical medium.
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D) contains one microbial cell. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔B
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Microbial cells first evolved on Earth approximately ________ _______ years
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
ago.
A) 1.6 to 1.8 million
\| \| \| \|
B) 7.0 to 7.2 million
\| \| \| \|
C) 3.8 to 3.9 billion
\| \| \| \|
D) 10.5 to 11.5 billion
\| \| \| \|
E) None of the above - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔C
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Predict how Pasteur's conclusions on spontaneous generation with swan flasks
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
would have changed if he worked with and maintained the flasks in a laminar
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
flow
,hood (where the air is sterile).
\| \| \| \| \|
A) Sterilization of the swan flask solutions would not have been necessary to
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
reject spontaneous generation. If he did sterilize the flasks, the spontaneous
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
generation hypothesis would have been supported.
\| \| \| \| \|
B) His incubation times would not have been sufficient to refute spontaneous
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
generation.
C) Pasteur's flasks never would have putrefied, and the experiment would not
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
have refuted spontaneous generation.
\| \| \|
D) Viruses would have still been present, and his conclusion would have been
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
unchanged. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔C \| \| \| \|
Of the structures listed below, which one is found in the outer most membrane
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
of a Gram-negative cell?
\| \| \| \|
A) Ribosomes
\|
B) The peptidoglycan layer
\| \| \|
C) The periplasm
\| \|
D) LPS (lipopolysaccharide) layer - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D
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Gram-positive bacteria stain _____ with a Gram stain reaction because they
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
have a __________ peptidoglycan layer than Gram-negative bacteria.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
A) red / thinner
\| \| \|
B) purple/ thinner
\| \|
,C) purple / thicker
\| \| \|
D) red / thicker - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔C
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Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
\| \| \| \| \| \|
A) Flagella allow bacteria to glide
\| \| \| \| \|
B) Flagella allow bacteria to swim
\| \| \| \| \|
C) The directed movement of bacterial cells in response to a gradient of a
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
chemical, is called chemotaxis \| \| \|
D) A and C are correct
\| \| \| \| \|
E) B and C are correct - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔E
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Electron microscopy has _________ ________ than light microscopy, because
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
the wavelengths of electrons are much ___________ than the wavelength of
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
visible light. \|
A) higher resolution/smaller
\| \|
B) lower magnification/larger
\| \|
C) higher resolution/larger
\| \|
D) lower resolution/smaller - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A
\| \| \| \| \| \|
Which of the following statements are false:
\| \| \| \| \| \|
, A) Poly-β-alkanoates (PHA) such as poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) are
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
carbon- and energy-storing polymers that can be used to produce
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
biodegradable plastics. \|
B) A major function of prokaryotic gas vesicles is to confer buoyancy on cells
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
by decreasing their density
\| \| \|
C) A major function of the cytoplasmic membrane in prokaryotes is to act as a
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
permeability barrier. \|
D) Scanning electron microscopy can be used to visualize the different layers
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
of the cell membrane(s) and cell wall - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
From the standpoint of the microorganism, in glycolysis the useful product(s)
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
are
A) Anabolic intermediates
\| \|
B) ATP
\|
C) Fermentation products such as lactic acid and ethanol
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
D) Both (A) and (B)
\| \| \| \|
E) (A), (B), and (C) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D
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During respiration electrons from the __________ of substrates are used to
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
________ a terminal electron acceptor that is either oxygen (aerobic
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
respiration) or some other inorganic compound (anaerobic respiration).
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
A) reduction / oxidize
\| \| \|
B) transport / degrade
\| \| \|
questions with answers \| \|
A pure culture
\| \|
A) is sterile.
\| \|
B) is a population of identical cells.
\| \| \| \| \| \|
C) is made of a precisely defined chemical medium.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
D) contains one microbial cell. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔B
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
Microbial cells first evolved on Earth approximately ________ _______ years
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
ago.
A) 1.6 to 1.8 million
\| \| \| \|
B) 7.0 to 7.2 million
\| \| \| \|
C) 3.8 to 3.9 billion
\| \| \| \|
D) 10.5 to 11.5 billion
\| \| \| \|
E) None of the above - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔C
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
Predict how Pasteur's conclusions on spontaneous generation with swan flasks
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
would have changed if he worked with and maintained the flasks in a laminar
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
flow
,hood (where the air is sterile).
\| \| \| \| \|
A) Sterilization of the swan flask solutions would not have been necessary to
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
reject spontaneous generation. If he did sterilize the flasks, the spontaneous
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
generation hypothesis would have been supported.
\| \| \| \| \|
B) His incubation times would not have been sufficient to refute spontaneous
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
generation.
C) Pasteur's flasks never would have putrefied, and the experiment would not
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
have refuted spontaneous generation.
\| \| \|
D) Viruses would have still been present, and his conclusion would have been
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
unchanged. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔C \| \| \| \|
Of the structures listed below, which one is found in the outer most membrane
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
of a Gram-negative cell?
\| \| \| \|
A) Ribosomes
\|
B) The peptidoglycan layer
\| \| \|
C) The periplasm
\| \|
D) LPS (lipopolysaccharide) layer - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
Gram-positive bacteria stain _____ with a Gram stain reaction because they
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
have a __________ peptidoglycan layer than Gram-negative bacteria.
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
A) red / thinner
\| \| \|
B) purple/ thinner
\| \|
,C) purple / thicker
\| \| \|
D) red / thicker - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔C
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
\| \| \| \| \| \|
A) Flagella allow bacteria to glide
\| \| \| \| \|
B) Flagella allow bacteria to swim
\| \| \| \| \|
C) The directed movement of bacterial cells in response to a gradient of a
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
chemical, is called chemotaxis \| \| \|
D) A and C are correct
\| \| \| \| \|
E) B and C are correct - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔E
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
Electron microscopy has _________ ________ than light microscopy, because
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
the wavelengths of electrons are much ___________ than the wavelength of
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
visible light. \|
A) higher resolution/smaller
\| \|
B) lower magnification/larger
\| \|
C) higher resolution/larger
\| \|
D) lower resolution/smaller - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A
\| \| \| \| \| \|
Which of the following statements are false:
\| \| \| \| \| \|
, A) Poly-β-alkanoates (PHA) such as poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) are
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
carbon- and energy-storing polymers that can be used to produce
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
biodegradable plastics. \|
B) A major function of prokaryotic gas vesicles is to confer buoyancy on cells
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
by decreasing their density
\| \| \|
C) A major function of the cytoplasmic membrane in prokaryotes is to act as a
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
permeability barrier. \|
D) Scanning electron microscopy can be used to visualize the different layers
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
of the cell membrane(s) and cell wall - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
From the standpoint of the microorganism, in glycolysis the useful product(s)
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
are
A) Anabolic intermediates
\| \|
B) ATP
\|
C) Fermentation products such as lactic acid and ethanol
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
D) Both (A) and (B)
\| \| \| \|
E) (A), (B), and (C) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
During respiration electrons from the __________ of substrates are used to
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
________ a terminal electron acceptor that is either oxygen (aerobic
\| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
respiration) or some other inorganic compound (anaerobic respiration).
\| \| \| \| \| \| \|
A) reduction / oxidize
\| \| \|
B) transport / degrade
\| \| \|
