BIO 182 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
True or False
The greatest density of species occurs at the North Pole. - ANSWERFalse
What is the tragedy of the commons? - ANSWERthe tendency for a common
resource to be overused
true or false: a more specialized species should occur over a narrow range of
altitude or latitude - ANSWERtrue for both altitude and latitude
primary consumers - ANSWERfirst organisms in the chain to eat the other organisms
eat the photosynthetic organisms = herbivores
Tropical species have the _______ latitudional ranges
Species at high latitudes have the _______ latitudional ranges - ANSWERlowest
highest
greenhouse effect - ANSWERwarming/heat that results when solar radiation is
trapped by the atmosphere
True or false: cheating ( free riding) confers the smallest benefit when most of the
group cooperate to invest? - ANSWERFalse. when more ppl invest, there is a higher
benefit for the freeloaders
true or false: punishment creates a cost that balances the benefit of selfishness -
ANSWERTrue
how can we promote a cooperation on a larger scale - ANSWERrebates( benefits)
for participants
punishment for non-participants
What is mutualism? - ANSWERboth organisms benefit
Humans influence the carbon cycle by ____________________________.
a. mining carbon-based materials that were buried over millions of years
b. combusting carbon-based fuels to generate power
c. planting trees to generate timber for the building industry
d. All of the above - ANSWERd. All of the above
The atmosphere is changing because ___________________________.
a. carbon is being added faster than it is removed
b. carbon is being removed faster than it is added
c. carbon is being added at the same rate that it is being removed
,d. carbon is not moving in or out of the atmosphere - ANSWERa. carbon is being
added faster than it is removed
what are 3 strategies for when species numbers are getting low - ANSWERCaptive
breeding
DNA banks
protection
Extinction due to 3 human activities - ANSWERhunting, habitat destruction, global
warming
True or False: if productivity enhances diversity, one should see more species in
deep tropical waters than along shallow coastlines - ANSWERfalse we see more
productivity in deep tropical waters, BUT we predict that shallow coastlines should
rather have it
true or false: Primary productivity is likely necessary, but insufficient condition for
biodiversity - ANSWERtrue
true or false: greater productivity could support more individuals of a species without
supporting more species - ANSWERtrue. just b/c you have a huge amount of
primary productivity does not mean it would give more amount of species. it could
simply have more individuals from the same species
More productivity = more organisms, but it is not equal to________ - ANSWERmore
species
why is the more speciation at the equator - ANSWERtemperatures are stable= more
specialized organisms
no change in temperatures in high or low altitude
increased cost to dispersal over a climate gradient=> low gene flow=> high alopatric
speciation=> ___________ - ANSWERvery sensitive to climate changes
you have to be a _______ to survive changes - ANSWERgeneralist ( BUT species in
tropics are specialists)
Low Latitiudes= _________thermal niches
High Latitudes= __________thermal niches - ANSWERnarrow
broad
what is anthropogenic - ANSWERcaused by humans
the rate of global warming appears to be accelerated in the _____ ( consequences) -
ANSWERarctic ( ice melting, island and species disappearance, overabundance of
salt water, shortage of fresh water )
what type of niches are used to predict responses to climate change ( climate
envelope model) - ANSWERrealized ( fundamental would be better)
, true / false:
in the experiment with water fleas, the phenotypic difference between the two sets of
population could have resulted from plasticity instead of evolution - ANSWERfalse,
b/c it was several generation further and not within one generation.
what 7 factors determine whether a species can adapt to an environmental change -
ANSWER1) high recombination ( sexual reproduction)
2) niche width ( intermediate)
3) rate of warming ( low)
4) population size ( large)
5) net immigration ( high)
6) generation time (low)
7) mutation rate ( high)
Adaptation to climate change will depend on factors that influence what 4 factors -
ANSWERmutation
selection
migration
drift
mechanistic model - ANSWERuses a more specific data
True or False: To test he hypothesis that greenhouse gasses cause global warming
on Earth by studying multiple planets - ANSWERTrue, but we would never be able to
replicate it. must use simulation ( such as at NASA)
6 most common elements associated with organic molecules - ANSWERCarbon
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
what did likely play a role in generating the great biodiversity of the tropics -
ANSWERspecialization of thermal niches
what is the energy that passed from one trophic level to the next - ANSWER5-15%
the simplicity of a food chain helps biologists to________ - ANSWERto predict
coarse changes in communities with simple mathematics
the complexity of a food-web model - ANSWERmore accurately presents the
relationships among species=> should make better predictions
Drawback: must use computers to simulate communities change over time
What are autotrophs? - ANSWERprimary producers
What are heterotrophs? - ANSWERconsumers ( herbivores and carnivores)
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
True or False
The greatest density of species occurs at the North Pole. - ANSWERFalse
What is the tragedy of the commons? - ANSWERthe tendency for a common
resource to be overused
true or false: a more specialized species should occur over a narrow range of
altitude or latitude - ANSWERtrue for both altitude and latitude
primary consumers - ANSWERfirst organisms in the chain to eat the other organisms
eat the photosynthetic organisms = herbivores
Tropical species have the _______ latitudional ranges
Species at high latitudes have the _______ latitudional ranges - ANSWERlowest
highest
greenhouse effect - ANSWERwarming/heat that results when solar radiation is
trapped by the atmosphere
True or false: cheating ( free riding) confers the smallest benefit when most of the
group cooperate to invest? - ANSWERFalse. when more ppl invest, there is a higher
benefit for the freeloaders
true or false: punishment creates a cost that balances the benefit of selfishness -
ANSWERTrue
how can we promote a cooperation on a larger scale - ANSWERrebates( benefits)
for participants
punishment for non-participants
What is mutualism? - ANSWERboth organisms benefit
Humans influence the carbon cycle by ____________________________.
a. mining carbon-based materials that were buried over millions of years
b. combusting carbon-based fuels to generate power
c. planting trees to generate timber for the building industry
d. All of the above - ANSWERd. All of the above
The atmosphere is changing because ___________________________.
a. carbon is being added faster than it is removed
b. carbon is being removed faster than it is added
c. carbon is being added at the same rate that it is being removed
,d. carbon is not moving in or out of the atmosphere - ANSWERa. carbon is being
added faster than it is removed
what are 3 strategies for when species numbers are getting low - ANSWERCaptive
breeding
DNA banks
protection
Extinction due to 3 human activities - ANSWERhunting, habitat destruction, global
warming
True or False: if productivity enhances diversity, one should see more species in
deep tropical waters than along shallow coastlines - ANSWERfalse we see more
productivity in deep tropical waters, BUT we predict that shallow coastlines should
rather have it
true or false: Primary productivity is likely necessary, but insufficient condition for
biodiversity - ANSWERtrue
true or false: greater productivity could support more individuals of a species without
supporting more species - ANSWERtrue. just b/c you have a huge amount of
primary productivity does not mean it would give more amount of species. it could
simply have more individuals from the same species
More productivity = more organisms, but it is not equal to________ - ANSWERmore
species
why is the more speciation at the equator - ANSWERtemperatures are stable= more
specialized organisms
no change in temperatures in high or low altitude
increased cost to dispersal over a climate gradient=> low gene flow=> high alopatric
speciation=> ___________ - ANSWERvery sensitive to climate changes
you have to be a _______ to survive changes - ANSWERgeneralist ( BUT species in
tropics are specialists)
Low Latitiudes= _________thermal niches
High Latitudes= __________thermal niches - ANSWERnarrow
broad
what is anthropogenic - ANSWERcaused by humans
the rate of global warming appears to be accelerated in the _____ ( consequences) -
ANSWERarctic ( ice melting, island and species disappearance, overabundance of
salt water, shortage of fresh water )
what type of niches are used to predict responses to climate change ( climate
envelope model) - ANSWERrealized ( fundamental would be better)
, true / false:
in the experiment with water fleas, the phenotypic difference between the two sets of
population could have resulted from plasticity instead of evolution - ANSWERfalse,
b/c it was several generation further and not within one generation.
what 7 factors determine whether a species can adapt to an environmental change -
ANSWER1) high recombination ( sexual reproduction)
2) niche width ( intermediate)
3) rate of warming ( low)
4) population size ( large)
5) net immigration ( high)
6) generation time (low)
7) mutation rate ( high)
Adaptation to climate change will depend on factors that influence what 4 factors -
ANSWERmutation
selection
migration
drift
mechanistic model - ANSWERuses a more specific data
True or False: To test he hypothesis that greenhouse gasses cause global warming
on Earth by studying multiple planets - ANSWERTrue, but we would never be able to
replicate it. must use simulation ( such as at NASA)
6 most common elements associated with organic molecules - ANSWERCarbon
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
what did likely play a role in generating the great biodiversity of the tropics -
ANSWERspecialization of thermal niches
what is the energy that passed from one trophic level to the next - ANSWER5-15%
the simplicity of a food chain helps biologists to________ - ANSWERto predict
coarse changes in communities with simple mathematics
the complexity of a food-web model - ANSWERmore accurately presents the
relationships among species=> should make better predictions
Drawback: must use computers to simulate communities change over time
What are autotrophs? - ANSWERprimary producers
What are heterotrophs? - ANSWERconsumers ( herbivores and carnivores)
