Textbook Link to Download Full Pdf (Free) At The End of This File
,FIRST AID FOR
THE®
USMLE
STEP 1
2025
TAO LE, MD, MHS VIKAS BHUSHAN, MD
Founder, ScholarRx Founder, First Aid for the USMLE Step 1
Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Medicine Boracay, Philippines
University of Louisville School of Medicine
ANUP CHALISE, MBBS, MS, MRCSEd JAIMIE ROGNER, MD, MPH
Registrar, General and Colorectal Surgery Resident, Department of Psychiatry
North Middlesex University Hospital, London NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center
CAROLINA CABAN RIVERA CAROLINE COLEMAN, MD
MD/PhD Candidate, Class of 2025 Adjunct Professor, Department of Medicine
Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Emory University School of Medicine
KIMBERLY KALLIANOS, MD SEAN EVANS, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Resident, Department of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine
,First Aid for the® USMLE Step 1 2025: A Student-to-Student Guide
Copyright © 2025 by Tao Le and Vikas Bhushan. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as
permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distrib-
uted in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of
the publisher.
Previous editions copyright © 1991 through 2024 by Tao Le and Vikas Bhushan. First edition copyright © 1990, 1989
by Vikas Bhushan, Jeffrey Hansen, and Edward Hon.
Photo and line art credits for this book begin on page 755 and are considered an extension of this copyright page.
Portions of this book identified with the symbol are copyright © USMLE-Rx.com (MedIQ Learning, LLC).
Portions of this book identified with the symbol are copyright © Dr. Richard Usatine.
Portions of this book identified with the symbol are under license from other third parties. Please refer to page 755
for a complete list of those image source attribution notices.
First Aid for the® is a registered trademark of McGraw Hill.
$PrintCode
ISBN 978-1-266-34646-0
MHID 1-266-34646-5
ISSN 1532-6020
Notice
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge,
changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked
with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in
accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human
error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been
involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in
every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the
results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the
information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check
the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain
that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recom-
mended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance
in connection with new or infrequently used drugs.
This book was set in Electra LT Std by GW Inc.
The editors were Bob Boehringer and Peter J. Boyle.
Project management was provided by GW Inc.
The production supervisor was Jeffrey Herzich.
LSC Communications was printer and binder.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
International Edition ISBN 1-266-25125-2; MHID 1-266-25125-1.
Copyright © 2025. Exclusive rights by McGraw Hill for manufacture and export. This book cannot be reexported from
the country to which it is consigned by McGraw Hill. The International Edition is not available in North America.
McGraw Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions,
or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative please visit the Contact Us pages at
www.mhprofessional.com.
https://ebookmed.ir
, Dedication
To medical students and physicians worldwide for
collaborating to improve medical education and practice.
https://ebookmed.ir
,Contents
Contributing Authors vii General Acknowledgments xi
Associate Authors viii How to Contribute xv
Faculty Advisors ix How to Use This Book xv
Preface xi Selected USMLE Laboratory Values xvi
Special Acknowledgments xii First Aid Checklist for the USMLE Step 1 x
` SECTION I G U I D E TO E F F I C I E N T E X A M P R E PA R AT I O N 1
Introduction 2 Test-Taking Strategies 20
USMLE Step 1—The Basics 2 Clinical Vignette Strategies 21
Learning Strategies 10 If You Think You Failed 22
Timeline for Study 14 Testing Agencies 23
Study Materials 17 References 23
` SECTION I SUPPLEMENT S P E C I A L S I T UAT I O N S 25
` SECTION II HIGH-YIELD GENERAL PRINCIPLES 27
How to Use the Database 28 Pathology 201
Biochemistry 31 Pharmacology 227
Immunology 93 Public Health Sciences 255
Microbiology 121
https://ebookmed.ir
, ` SECTION III H I G H - Y I E L D O R G A N S YS T E M S 279
Approaching the Organ Systems 280 Neurology and Special Senses 499
Cardiovascular 283 Psychiatry 569
Endocrine 329 Renal 595
Gastrointestinal 363 Reproductive 629
Hematology and Oncology 409 Respiratory 677
Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue 449 Rapid Review 707
` SECTION IV TO P - R AT E D R E V I E W R E S O U R C E S 7 39
How to Use the Database 740 Biochemistry 744
Question Banks 742 Cell Biology and Histology 744
Web and Mobile Apps 742 Microbiology and Immunology 744
Comprehensive 743 Pathology 745
Anatomy, Embryology, and Neuroscience 743 Pharmacology 745
Behavioral Science 744 Physiology 746
`
Abbreviations and Symbols 747 Index 773
Image Acknowledgments 755 About the Editors 844
vi
https://ebookmed.ir
,Contributing Authors
MARIAM ATOBILOYE KATHERINE LEBLANC, MSc
University of Utah School of Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine
Class of 2026 MD/PhD Candidate
MORGAN BUCHANAN, MPH ANNA LIGOCKI, MD, MS
Emory University School of Medicine Resident, Department of Medicine
Class of 2025 Ascension Saint Agnes Hospital
ANTHONY G. CHESEBRO DANUSHA SANCHEZ, MD, MSIS, PMP
Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University Resident, Department of Emergency Medicine
MD/PhD candidate Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland
MURTAZA GANDHI, MBBS GEORGIOS M. STERGIOPOULOS, MD
Terna Medical College & Hospital Research Fellow, Department of Molecular Medicine
Mayo Clinic, Minnesota
EMILY HAND, MD
Resident, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
New York Presbyterian–Brooklyn Methodist Hospital
IMAGE AND ILLUSTRATION TEAM
YOOREE GRACE CHUNG NOAH NEWMAN, MD
Emory University School of Medicine Resident, Department of Internal Medicine
MD/PhD Candidate Emory University School of Medicine
TANYA KONDOLAY, MPH AUBREY REED
Windsor University School of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine
MD Candidate MD/PhD Candidate
https://ebookmed.ir
,Associate Authors
MAKENNA ASH TALEAH KHAN, MBBS
Emory University School of Medicine CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Pakistan
Class of 2025
ALYSSA D. MILBEE
LISA MARIE BABIAK Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine
Saint James School of Medicine Class of 2026
Class of 2025
DIKACHI OSAJI, MSc
SHAROON DAVID, MBBS, BSc Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan Class of 2027
MARGARET GINOZA, MD, MPH NICHOLAS J. SIRHAN
Resident, Internal Medicine–Pediatrics Central Michigan University College of Medicine
Baylor College of Medicine Class of 2025
MOKI T. M HEIN, MS
Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at Florida International
University
Class of 2025
IMAGE AND ILLUSTRATION TEAM
HILARY LIU ANNABEL LU
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine
Class of 2027 Class of 2024
viii
https://ebookmed.ir
,Faculty Advisors
RITU AMATYA CAROLINE COLEMAN, MD
FHI 360, Nepal Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine
Emory University School of Medicine
MARK A.W. ANDREWS, PhD
Professor and Founding Chairman, Department of Physiology RAHUL DAMANIA, MD, MS Ed
Duquesne University College of Osteopathic Medicine Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medic
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve
MARIA ANTONELLI, MD University
Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology
Case Western Reserve University at MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland MARTHA FANER, PhD
Associate Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
HERMAN S. BAGGA, MD, FACS Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine
Physician, Urology, Genitourinary Reconstruction, Men’s Health
Advanced Urology, Atlanta RAYUDU GOPALAKRISHNA, PhD
Professor, Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences
SAMAN BENTOTA, MD Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California
Physician and Microbiologist
Sri Lanka MEREDITH K. GREER, MD
Assistant Professor, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Slee
JOE B. BLUMER, PhD Medicine
Emory University School of Medicine
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology
Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine
AMBER J. HECK, PhD
BRADLEY J. BRUGGEMAN, MD Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and
Genetics
Assistant Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth
University of Florida College of Medicine
VASUDEVA G. KAMATH, MSc, PhD
CHRISTOPHER M. BURNS, PhD
Assistant Professor of Biochemistry
Professor of Basic Medical Sciences The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix
University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix
CLARK KEBODEAUX, PharmD
BROOKS D. CASH, MD
Clinical Associate Professor, Pharmacy Practice and Science
Chief, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
MATTHEW KRAYBILL, PhD
DIMITRI CASSIMATIS, MD
Clinical Neuropsychologist
Associate Professor, Department of Medicine Cottage Health, Santa Barbara, California
Emory University School of Medicine
GERALD LEE, MD
CATHERINE CHILES, MD
Associate Professor, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine
Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry Emory University School of Medicine
Yale School of Medicine
KACHIU C. LEE, MD, MPH
BRADLEY COLE, MD
Assistant Professor (Adjunct), Department of Dermatology
Assistant Professor of Neurology Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University
Loma Linda University School of Medicine
https://ebookmed.ir
, JAMES LYONS, MD SHIREEN MADANI SIMS, MD
Associate Dean, Professor of Pathology and Family Medicine Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine University of Florida College of Medicine
NILADRI KUMAR MAHATO, MBBS, MS, PhD NATHAN WM. SKELLEY, MD
Assistant Professor of Anatomy Associate Professor, Medical Director of Orthopaedic Surgery
Marian University–Tom and Julie Wood College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sanford Health–University of South Dakota School of Medicine
Indianapolis
TONY SLIEMAN, PhD, MSc
CARL MARFURT, PhD Director of Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, Department of
Professor Emeritus, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology Biomedical and Anatomical Sciences
Indiana University School of Medicine–Northwest, Gary New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine at
Arkansas State University
PETER MARKS, MD, PhD
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research MATTHEW SOCHAT, MD
US Food and Drug Administration Physician, Hematology/Oncology
Southeastern Medical Oncology Center
DOUGLAS A. MATA, MD, MPH
Senior Director of Molecular Pathology HOWARD M. STEINMAN, PhD
Foundation Medicine, Boston Assistant Dean, Biomedical Science Education
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
SOROUSH RAIS-BAHRAMI, MD, MBA
Professor of Urology and Radiology RICHARD P. USATINE, MD
University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine Professor, Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery
University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
RICHARD P. RAMONELL, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical SYLVIA WASSERTHEIL-SMOLLER, PhD
Care, and Sleep Medicine Professor Emerita, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine
KEISHA RAY, PhD ADAM WEINSTEIN, MD
Associate Professor, McGovern Center for Humanities and Ethics Professor of Medical Sciences and Pediatrics
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University
SASAN SAKIANI, MD ABHISHEK YADAV, MBBS, MSc
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine Associate Professor, Department of Medicine
University of Maryland School of Medicine Rutgers New Jersey Medical School
SARAH SCHIMANSKY, MB BCh BAO DONG ZHANG, PhD
Fellow, Department of Ophthalmology Professor of Cancer Biology
Bristol Eye Hospital New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic
Medicine at Old Westbury
x
https://ebookmed.ir
,FIRST AID FOR
THE®
USMLE
STEP 1
2025
TAO LE, MD, MHS VIKAS BHUSHAN, MD
Founder, ScholarRx Founder, First Aid for the USMLE Step 1
Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Medicine Boracay, Philippines
University of Louisville School of Medicine
ANUP CHALISE, MBBS, MS, MRCSEd JAIMIE ROGNER, MD, MPH
Registrar, General and Colorectal Surgery Resident, Department of Psychiatry
North Middlesex University Hospital, London NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center
CAROLINA CABAN RIVERA CAROLINE COLEMAN, MD
MD/PhD Candidate, Class of 2025 Adjunct Professor, Department of Medicine
Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Emory University School of Medicine
KIMBERLY KALLIANOS, MD SEAN EVANS, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Resident, Department of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine
,First Aid for the® USMLE Step 1 2025: A Student-to-Student Guide
Copyright © 2025 by Tao Le and Vikas Bhushan. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as
permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distrib-
uted in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of
the publisher.
Previous editions copyright © 1991 through 2024 by Tao Le and Vikas Bhushan. First edition copyright © 1990, 1989
by Vikas Bhushan, Jeffrey Hansen, and Edward Hon.
Photo and line art credits for this book begin on page 755 and are considered an extension of this copyright page.
Portions of this book identified with the symbol are copyright © USMLE-Rx.com (MedIQ Learning, LLC).
Portions of this book identified with the symbol are copyright © Dr. Richard Usatine.
Portions of this book identified with the symbol are under license from other third parties. Please refer to page 755
for a complete list of those image source attribution notices.
First Aid for the® is a registered trademark of McGraw Hill.
$PrintCode
ISBN 978-1-266-34646-0
MHID 1-266-34646-5
ISSN 1532-6020
Notice
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge,
changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and the publisher of this work have checked
with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and generally in
accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in view of the possibility of human
error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor any other party who has been
involved in the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in
every respect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions or for the
results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers are encouraged to confirm the
information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check
the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain
that the information contained in this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recom-
mended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular importance
in connection with new or infrequently used drugs.
This book was set in Electra LT Std by GW Inc.
The editors were Bob Boehringer and Peter J. Boyle.
Project management was provided by GW Inc.
The production supervisor was Jeffrey Herzich.
LSC Communications was printer and binder.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
International Edition ISBN 1-266-25125-2; MHID 1-266-25125-1.
Copyright © 2025. Exclusive rights by McGraw Hill for manufacture and export. This book cannot be reexported from
the country to which it is consigned by McGraw Hill. The International Edition is not available in North America.
McGraw Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions,
or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative please visit the Contact Us pages at
www.mhprofessional.com.
https://ebookmed.ir
, Dedication
To medical students and physicians worldwide for
collaborating to improve medical education and practice.
https://ebookmed.ir
,Contents
Contributing Authors vii General Acknowledgments xi
Associate Authors viii How to Contribute xv
Faculty Advisors ix How to Use This Book xv
Preface xi Selected USMLE Laboratory Values xvi
Special Acknowledgments xii First Aid Checklist for the USMLE Step 1 x
` SECTION I G U I D E TO E F F I C I E N T E X A M P R E PA R AT I O N 1
Introduction 2 Test-Taking Strategies 20
USMLE Step 1—The Basics 2 Clinical Vignette Strategies 21
Learning Strategies 10 If You Think You Failed 22
Timeline for Study 14 Testing Agencies 23
Study Materials 17 References 23
` SECTION I SUPPLEMENT S P E C I A L S I T UAT I O N S 25
` SECTION II HIGH-YIELD GENERAL PRINCIPLES 27
How to Use the Database 28 Pathology 201
Biochemistry 31 Pharmacology 227
Immunology 93 Public Health Sciences 255
Microbiology 121
https://ebookmed.ir
, ` SECTION III H I G H - Y I E L D O R G A N S YS T E M S 279
Approaching the Organ Systems 280 Neurology and Special Senses 499
Cardiovascular 283 Psychiatry 569
Endocrine 329 Renal 595
Gastrointestinal 363 Reproductive 629
Hematology and Oncology 409 Respiratory 677
Musculoskeletal, Skin, and Connective Tissue 449 Rapid Review 707
` SECTION IV TO P - R AT E D R E V I E W R E S O U R C E S 7 39
How to Use the Database 740 Biochemistry 744
Question Banks 742 Cell Biology and Histology 744
Web and Mobile Apps 742 Microbiology and Immunology 744
Comprehensive 743 Pathology 745
Anatomy, Embryology, and Neuroscience 743 Pharmacology 745
Behavioral Science 744 Physiology 746
`
Abbreviations and Symbols 747 Index 773
Image Acknowledgments 755 About the Editors 844
vi
https://ebookmed.ir
,Contributing Authors
MARIAM ATOBILOYE KATHERINE LEBLANC, MSc
University of Utah School of Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine
Class of 2026 MD/PhD Candidate
MORGAN BUCHANAN, MPH ANNA LIGOCKI, MD, MS
Emory University School of Medicine Resident, Department of Medicine
Class of 2025 Ascension Saint Agnes Hospital
ANTHONY G. CHESEBRO DANUSHA SANCHEZ, MD, MSIS, PMP
Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University Resident, Department of Emergency Medicine
MD/PhD candidate Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland
MURTAZA GANDHI, MBBS GEORGIOS M. STERGIOPOULOS, MD
Terna Medical College & Hospital Research Fellow, Department of Molecular Medicine
Mayo Clinic, Minnesota
EMILY HAND, MD
Resident, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology
New York Presbyterian–Brooklyn Methodist Hospital
IMAGE AND ILLUSTRATION TEAM
YOOREE GRACE CHUNG NOAH NEWMAN, MD
Emory University School of Medicine Resident, Department of Internal Medicine
MD/PhD Candidate Emory University School of Medicine
TANYA KONDOLAY, MPH AUBREY REED
Windsor University School of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine
MD Candidate MD/PhD Candidate
https://ebookmed.ir
,Associate Authors
MAKENNA ASH TALEAH KHAN, MBBS
Emory University School of Medicine CMH Lahore Medical College and Institute of Dentistry, Pakistan
Class of 2025
ALYSSA D. MILBEE
LISA MARIE BABIAK Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine
Saint James School of Medicine Class of 2026
Class of 2025
DIKACHI OSAJI, MSc
SHAROON DAVID, MBBS, BSc Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan Class of 2027
MARGARET GINOZA, MD, MPH NICHOLAS J. SIRHAN
Resident, Internal Medicine–Pediatrics Central Michigan University College of Medicine
Baylor College of Medicine Class of 2025
MOKI T. M HEIN, MS
Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at Florida International
University
Class of 2025
IMAGE AND ILLUSTRATION TEAM
HILARY LIU ANNABEL LU
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Emory University School of Medicine
Class of 2027 Class of 2024
viii
https://ebookmed.ir
,Faculty Advisors
RITU AMATYA CAROLINE COLEMAN, MD
FHI 360, Nepal Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine
Emory University School of Medicine
MARK A.W. ANDREWS, PhD
Professor and Founding Chairman, Department of Physiology RAHUL DAMANIA, MD, MS Ed
Duquesne University College of Osteopathic Medicine Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medic
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve
MARIA ANTONELLI, MD University
Assistant Professor, Division of Rheumatology
Case Western Reserve University at MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland MARTHA FANER, PhD
Associate Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
HERMAN S. BAGGA, MD, FACS Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine
Physician, Urology, Genitourinary Reconstruction, Men’s Health
Advanced Urology, Atlanta RAYUDU GOPALAKRISHNA, PhD
Professor, Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences
SAMAN BENTOTA, MD Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California
Physician and Microbiologist
Sri Lanka MEREDITH K. GREER, MD
Assistant Professor, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Slee
JOE B. BLUMER, PhD Medicine
Emory University School of Medicine
Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology
Medical University of South Carolina College of Medicine
AMBER J. HECK, PhD
BRADLEY J. BRUGGEMAN, MD Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and
Genetics
Assistant Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth
University of Florida College of Medicine
VASUDEVA G. KAMATH, MSc, PhD
CHRISTOPHER M. BURNS, PhD
Assistant Professor of Biochemistry
Professor of Basic Medical Sciences The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix
University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix
CLARK KEBODEAUX, PharmD
BROOKS D. CASH, MD
Clinical Associate Professor, Pharmacy Practice and Science
Chief, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
MATTHEW KRAYBILL, PhD
DIMITRI CASSIMATIS, MD
Clinical Neuropsychologist
Associate Professor, Department of Medicine Cottage Health, Santa Barbara, California
Emory University School of Medicine
GERALD LEE, MD
CATHERINE CHILES, MD
Associate Professor, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine
Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry Emory University School of Medicine
Yale School of Medicine
KACHIU C. LEE, MD, MPH
BRADLEY COLE, MD
Assistant Professor (Adjunct), Department of Dermatology
Assistant Professor of Neurology Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University
Loma Linda University School of Medicine
https://ebookmed.ir
, JAMES LYONS, MD SHIREEN MADANI SIMS, MD
Associate Dean, Professor of Pathology and Family Medicine Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology
Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine University of Florida College of Medicine
NILADRI KUMAR MAHATO, MBBS, MS, PhD NATHAN WM. SKELLEY, MD
Assistant Professor of Anatomy Associate Professor, Medical Director of Orthopaedic Surgery
Marian University–Tom and Julie Wood College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sanford Health–University of South Dakota School of Medicine
Indianapolis
TONY SLIEMAN, PhD, MSc
CARL MARFURT, PhD Director of Academic Affairs and Associate Professor, Department of
Professor Emeritus, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology Biomedical and Anatomical Sciences
Indiana University School of Medicine–Northwest, Gary New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine at
Arkansas State University
PETER MARKS, MD, PhD
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research MATTHEW SOCHAT, MD
US Food and Drug Administration Physician, Hematology/Oncology
Southeastern Medical Oncology Center
DOUGLAS A. MATA, MD, MPH
Senior Director of Molecular Pathology HOWARD M. STEINMAN, PhD
Foundation Medicine, Boston Assistant Dean, Biomedical Science Education
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
SOROUSH RAIS-BAHRAMI, MD, MBA
Professor of Urology and Radiology RICHARD P. USATINE, MD
University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine Professor, Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery
University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio
RICHARD P. RAMONELL, MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical SYLVIA WASSERTHEIL-SMOLLER, PhD
Care, and Sleep Medicine Professor Emerita, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine
KEISHA RAY, PhD ADAM WEINSTEIN, MD
Associate Professor, McGovern Center for Humanities and Ethics Professor of Medical Sciences and Pediatrics
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University
SASAN SAKIANI, MD ABHISHEK YADAV, MBBS, MSc
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine Associate Professor, Department of Medicine
University of Maryland School of Medicine Rutgers New Jersey Medical School
SARAH SCHIMANSKY, MB BCh BAO DONG ZHANG, PhD
Fellow, Department of Ophthalmology Professor of Cancer Biology
Bristol Eye Hospital New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic
Medicine at Old Westbury
x
https://ebookmed.ir
