1
Page | 1
Test Bank – Lewis’s Medical-
Surgical Nursing 12th Edition |
Chapters 1–69 | Verified NCLEX Qs
+ Rationales | 2025 Update
, 2
1. The nurse completes an admission database and explains that the plan of care and
Page | 2
discharge goals will be developed with the patient’s input. The patient asks, “How is this
different from what the physician does?” Which response would the nurse provide?
a. The role of the nurse is to administer medications and other treatments prescribed by your
physician.
b. In addition to caring for you while you are sick, the nurses will help you plan to maintain
your health.
c. The nurse’s job is to collect information and communicate any problems that occur to the
physician.
d. Nurses perform many of the same procedures as the physician, but nurses are with the
patients for a longer time than the physician.
ANS: b
RATIONALE:
The American Nurses Association (ANA) defines nursing as the protection, promotion, and
optimization of health, prevention of illness and injury, and facilitation of healing. Option (b)
reflects the unique and holistic approach nurses bring to patient care — encompassing health
maintenance, patient advocacy, and education. Unlike the physician's role, which is often
focused on diagnosis and treatment, nursing integrates both care and cure by promoting
long-term health strategies. Option (a) reflects a dependent role, option (c) underrepresents
the nurse’s autonomy, and option (d) focuses more on proximity than professional function.
By acknowledging the nurse’s proactive role in planning for health, this option aligns with
current patient-centered care models.
, 3
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis)
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Page | 3
2. Which statement by the nurse accurately describes the use of evidence-based practice
(EBP)?
a. Patient care is based on clinical judgment, experience, and traditions.
b. Data are analyzed later to show that the patient outcomes are consistently met.
c. Research from all published articles are used as a guide for planning patient care.
d. Recommendations are based on research, clinical expertise, and patient preferences.
ANS: d
RATIONALE:
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a problem-solving approach that integrates the best
available research, clinical expertise, and patient preferences and values. Option (d)
clearly reflects this triad. The goal is to provide care that is scientifically sound, practical, and
tailored to the individual patient. Option (a) reflects outdated, tradition-based care. Option (b)
describes quality improvement but not EBP itself. Option (c) is incorrect because not all
research is credible — EBP involves critically appraising literature. Nurses using EBP
improve patient outcomes, promote consistency in care, and ensure ethical and effective
interventions. As healthcare becomes more complex, EBP empowers nurses to make
informed decisions in a collaborative and transparent way.
, 4
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Page | 4
3. A nurse is using clinical judgment to prioritize care. Which example best reflects the
application of clinical judgment?
a. Following the provider’s written orders without alteration.
b. Asking another nurse to assess a patient for a second opinion.
c. Prioritizing a patient with shortness of breath over one with pain.
d. Documenting the patient’s vital signs as soon as they are taken.
ANS: c
RATIONALE:
Clinical judgment involves assessing and prioritizing care based on patient needs and the
severity of symptoms. Choosing to attend to a patient with shortness of breath (a
potentially life-threatening condition) over a patient in pain demonstrates sound clinical
prioritization. While pain is important, airway and breathing always come first, as per the
ABCs of prioritization. Option (a) does not show judgment it's compliance without critical
thinking. Option (b) may help clarify findings but defers judgment. Option (d) is accurate and
timely, but it does not reflect a decision-making process. Nurses are constantly required to
make judgments under pressure choosing who needs immediate attention and what
interventions are most appropriate. These decisions impact patient safety and outcomes.
Page | 1
Test Bank – Lewis’s Medical-
Surgical Nursing 12th Edition |
Chapters 1–69 | Verified NCLEX Qs
+ Rationales | 2025 Update
, 2
1. The nurse completes an admission database and explains that the plan of care and
Page | 2
discharge goals will be developed with the patient’s input. The patient asks, “How is this
different from what the physician does?” Which response would the nurse provide?
a. The role of the nurse is to administer medications and other treatments prescribed by your
physician.
b. In addition to caring for you while you are sick, the nurses will help you plan to maintain
your health.
c. The nurse’s job is to collect information and communicate any problems that occur to the
physician.
d. Nurses perform many of the same procedures as the physician, but nurses are with the
patients for a longer time than the physician.
ANS: b
RATIONALE:
The American Nurses Association (ANA) defines nursing as the protection, promotion, and
optimization of health, prevention of illness and injury, and facilitation of healing. Option (b)
reflects the unique and holistic approach nurses bring to patient care — encompassing health
maintenance, patient advocacy, and education. Unlike the physician's role, which is often
focused on diagnosis and treatment, nursing integrates both care and cure by promoting
long-term health strategies. Option (a) reflects a dependent role, option (c) underrepresents
the nurse’s autonomy, and option (d) focuses more on proximity than professional function.
By acknowledging the nurse’s proactive role in planning for health, this option aligns with
current patient-centered care models.
, 3
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis)
TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Page | 3
2. Which statement by the nurse accurately describes the use of evidence-based practice
(EBP)?
a. Patient care is based on clinical judgment, experience, and traditions.
b. Data are analyzed later to show that the patient outcomes are consistently met.
c. Research from all published articles are used as a guide for planning patient care.
d. Recommendations are based on research, clinical expertise, and patient preferences.
ANS: d
RATIONALE:
Evidence-based practice (EBP) is a problem-solving approach that integrates the best
available research, clinical expertise, and patient preferences and values. Option (d)
clearly reflects this triad. The goal is to provide care that is scientifically sound, practical, and
tailored to the individual patient. Option (a) reflects outdated, tradition-based care. Option (b)
describes quality improvement but not EBP itself. Option (c) is incorrect because not all
research is credible — EBP involves critically appraising literature. Nurses using EBP
improve patient outcomes, promote consistency in care, and ensure ethical and effective
interventions. As healthcare becomes more complex, EBP empowers nurses to make
informed decisions in a collaborative and transparent way.
, 4
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)
TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Page | 4
3. A nurse is using clinical judgment to prioritize care. Which example best reflects the
application of clinical judgment?
a. Following the provider’s written orders without alteration.
b. Asking another nurse to assess a patient for a second opinion.
c. Prioritizing a patient with shortness of breath over one with pain.
d. Documenting the patient’s vital signs as soon as they are taken.
ANS: c
RATIONALE:
Clinical judgment involves assessing and prioritizing care based on patient needs and the
severity of symptoms. Choosing to attend to a patient with shortness of breath (a
potentially life-threatening condition) over a patient in pain demonstrates sound clinical
prioritization. While pain is important, airway and breathing always come first, as per the
ABCs of prioritization. Option (a) does not show judgment it's compliance without critical
thinking. Option (b) may help clarify findings but defers judgment. Option (d) is accurate and
timely, but it does not reflect a decision-making process. Nurses are constantly required to
make judgments under pressure choosing who needs immediate attention and what
interventions are most appropriate. These decisions impact patient safety and outcomes.
