vitamin Other names Function Signs & Notes
Storage
form
Active
Deficiency
Toxicity
symptoms
Fat soluble vitamins
Vitamin A Retinol Retinol Maintains of reproduction Night Increased visual β-carotene is not
Liver & brain
Yes
Retinal Retinal Vision blindness threshold toxic , but
Retinoic acid Retinoic acid Promotion of growth Xeroderma Dryness of skin supplementation is
β-carotene Differentiation and maintenance of Retardation Keratinization not recommended
epithelial tissues of growth of skin
Antioxidant
Vitamin D Calecalciferol 1,25dihydroxy- Maintenance of calcium balance (Ca2+ Rickets Soft, pliable Is nonessential
Liver & brain
Yes
Ergocalciferol cholecalciferol homeostasis) (children) bone. Increased because it can
Enhances mineralization of bone Osteomalacia bone fracture synthesized in skin
Intestinal absorption of ca2+ and mobilizes (adult) Steroid vitamin
of bone mineral because cholesterol
formed it
Vitamin K Menadione Menadione Carboxylation of glutamate residues in Newborn Bleeding Can produced by
brain
Liver &
Rare
Menaquinon Menaquinon blood clotting and bone matrix Rare in adult intestinal bacteria
Phylloquinone Phylloquinone
Vitamin E α-Tocopherol Any of several Anti Sterility: reproductive failure Sterility: Red blood cell Benefits of
Liver & brain
No
tocopherol reproductive fragility supplementation not
derivatives Antioxidant at high oxygen tension failure Leads to established in
hemolytic controlled trials
anemia Play role in
prevention of cancer
and/or heart disease.
And Keratinisation
of epidermal cells
Water soluble vitamins
Storage
form
Active
Deficiency
Toxicity
symptoms
Fat soluble vitamins
Vitamin A Retinol Retinol Maintains of reproduction Night Increased visual β-carotene is not
Liver & brain
Yes
Retinal Retinal Vision blindness threshold toxic , but
Retinoic acid Retinoic acid Promotion of growth Xeroderma Dryness of skin supplementation is
β-carotene Differentiation and maintenance of Retardation Keratinization not recommended
epithelial tissues of growth of skin
Antioxidant
Vitamin D Calecalciferol 1,25dihydroxy- Maintenance of calcium balance (Ca2+ Rickets Soft, pliable Is nonessential
Liver & brain
Yes
Ergocalciferol cholecalciferol homeostasis) (children) bone. Increased because it can
Enhances mineralization of bone Osteomalacia bone fracture synthesized in skin
Intestinal absorption of ca2+ and mobilizes (adult) Steroid vitamin
of bone mineral because cholesterol
formed it
Vitamin K Menadione Menadione Carboxylation of glutamate residues in Newborn Bleeding Can produced by
brain
Liver &
Rare
Menaquinon Menaquinon blood clotting and bone matrix Rare in adult intestinal bacteria
Phylloquinone Phylloquinone
Vitamin E α-Tocopherol Any of several Anti Sterility: reproductive failure Sterility: Red blood cell Benefits of
Liver & brain
No
tocopherol reproductive fragility supplementation not
derivatives Antioxidant at high oxygen tension failure Leads to established in
hemolytic controlled trials
anemia Play role in
prevention of cancer
and/or heart disease.
And Keratinisation
of epidermal cells
Water soluble vitamins
