Test Bank For Biology 206 OpenStax Microbiology - Chapter 7: Microbial Biochemistry

Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is the best definition of a macronutrient? A. a trace element B. a vitamin C. an organic molecule necessary for life D. the most abundant elements found in living cells* Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 2. Amino groups are an important component of which of the following macromolecules? A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. nucleic acids D. proteins* Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 3. The building blocks of polymers are called which of the following? A. inorganic molecules B. macromolecules C. monomers* D. nucleic acids Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 4. Which of the following is not one of the four major types of carbon-based macromolecules found in cells? A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. macronutrients* D. nucleic acids Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 5. In which form do plants generally store sugar molecules? A. cellulose B. chitin C. glycogen D. starch* Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 6. Which term specifically describes fatty acids that do not have any double bonds, triple bonds, or rings? A. esterified B. polyunsaturated C. saturated* D. unsaturated Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 7. Which of the following best describes the difference between steroids and sterols? A. Steroids are the most common type of sterol. B. Steroids contain rings, whereas sterols do not. C. Sterols are a type of steroid with an OH group.* D. Sterols are present in prokaryotes and steroids are not. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 8. Which best describes oligopeptides? A. a molecule consisting of two amino acids B. long chains of amino acids C. polymers of about 20 amino acids* D. polymers of about 50 amino acids Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 9. Which of the following is not a lipid? A. a fatty acid B. a glyceraldehyde* C. a wax D. n isoprenoid Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 10. How many single covalent bonds can oxygen form? A. one B. two* C. three D. four Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 11. Which of the following molecules is an organic molecule? A. CO2 B. CaCO3 C. CH3OH* D. H2O Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 12. Which of the following is the best example of a micronutrient? A. carbon B. nitrogen C. phosphorus D. potassium* Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 13. Which of the following best describes glucose, fructose, and galactose? A. achiral B. enantiomers C. stereoisomers D. structural isomers* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 14. Why does it matter which enantiomer of a molecule is used for a medication? A. Enantiomers can have different pharmacologic effects and only one may be effective.* B. It is usually easier to prepare one enantiomer than mixtures of both. C. The D form is typically more effective than the L form. D. The L form is typically more effective than the D form. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 15. Which of the following shows a ketone? A. a carboxylic acid B. an ester C. an internal carbonyl group* D. an internal ether Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 16. Which of the following types of bonds joins monosaccharides together to form a polysaccharide? A. glycosidic bonds* B. hydrogen bonds C. peptide bonds D. phosphodiester bonds Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 17. Which of the following best describes the molecule lactose? A. disaccharide* B. monosaccharide C. polysaccharide D. trisaccharide Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 18. Which of the following is an important component of insect exoskeletons? A. cellulose B. chitin* C. glycogen D. starch Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 19. Which describes the hydrocarbon tails in the plasma membrane? A. amphipathic B. hydrophilic