Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 2 with Multiple Choice
Questions and Verified Answers 100% | A+ Graded
Overview of the Blood - CORRECT ANSWER -•Blood
•5000ml
•Plasma
•3000ml
Hematocrit defined - CORRECT ANSWER -- % of RBCs
[higher value = higher viscosity = thicker blood)
- Example: Polycythemia may have Hct of 60-70%
Types of Blood Cells
- Erythrocytes [RBCs) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Transport O2
- Small disc shape
- Lifespan = 120 days
- Carry Hgb [ferrous oxide, also an acid/base buffer)
- Made in the bone marrow - Iliac crest for sample in leukemia
[after age 20 in the vertebrae, sternum, ribs, iliac)
- Hgb Levels: 14-16g/dL in males / 12-14g/dl females
Cytic vs Chromic - CORRECT ANSWER -Cytic = Size of RBCs
Chromic = Amount of Hgb
MCV and MCHC - CORRECT ANSWER -MCV: Mean corpuscular volume - [average size rbc]
,MCHC: normal Mean corpuscular Hgb concentration - [average amount of hemoglobin in the
RBCs compared to the average size of the RBCs. The amount of hemoglobin that was there
Morphology Size or Erythrocyte Volume Cytic Values - CORRECT ANSWER -- Normocytic: Normal
RBC size
[MCV = 83-99)
- Microcytic: Small RBC size
[MCV = 50-82)
- Macrocytic: Large RBC size
[MCV is > 100)
Chromic Values
[Hgb content) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Normochromic: Normal amount of Hgb [MCHC -Average
amount of hemoglobin in the RBCs compared to the average size of the RBCs.
[MCHC = 32-36)
- Hypochromic: Low amount of Hgb
[MCHC is < 32)
- Hyperchromic: Increased amount of Hgb
[MCHC is > 36)
Leukocytes
[WBCs) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Defend the body against foreign proteins
- Made in the bone marrow
- 9,000/mm^3
- CBC w/ Diff shows: Leukocytes broken down into:
Neutrophils, Basophils, PMNs [polymorphonulcear), Bands
,Bands - {Infective process - CORRECT ANSWER --Immature Leukocytes
- Indicate an infective process
- Increase in bands = 12 to 20 or more = shift to the left indicating a bacterial infection
- If bands are not increased it is a shift to the right and a viral infection
Alterations of Leukocytes
Quantitative:
1. Bone marrow dysfunction
2. Premature destruction of cells
a. May originate in lymphoid organs secondary to infectious process - CORRECT ANSWER -
Leukocytosis equals increase WBC's
Leukopenia Equals decreased wbc's
Types of Leukocytes:
- Granular - CORRECT ANSWER -- Categorized according to the presence or absence of granules
in the cell cytoplasm
- *Granular Leukocytes*:
- PMNs - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes[2 or more lobes to the granular site)
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils - Allergic reaction or parasites
- Basophils
Types of Leukocytes:
- Non-granular - CORRECT ANSWER -*Non-granular* Leukocytes :
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
, - platelets or thrombocytes
WBC Morphology/Fx
[Shape and function] - CORRECT ANSWER -- Total WBC count increases with infection
- As % of 1 increases, the %s of the others will decrease
[shift in %) = Shift to the left or shift to the right
- Bands = immature neutrophils aka stabs
[German for rods due to shape)
WBC Morphology/Fx - CORRECT ANSWER -- Bands being immature with infection there is an
increase in production
= shift to the left
- Neutrophils = segs or polys = mature polymorphonuclearcytes and segmented
WBC's and bands - CORRECT ANSWER -Should tell you right away that when you have an
infection and the WBCs are called on to replicate and attend to this infection, that the faster
they do it the more immature cells they have so the more bands produced.
How to tell if an infection is viral or bacterial?
- If there is a shift to the left [increase in bands) it is bacterial - CORRECT ANSWER -- This is
because of the way the differential used to be displayed [Shift to the left then you would see the
WBCs going up, the bands going up, the neutrophils or segs rising as well and the other
percentages going down [lymphocytes and monocytes in particular]
Response to infections - CORRECT ANSWER -- Neutrophils are released
Questions and Verified Answers 100% | A+ Graded
Overview of the Blood - CORRECT ANSWER -•Blood
•5000ml
•Plasma
•3000ml
Hematocrit defined - CORRECT ANSWER -- % of RBCs
[higher value = higher viscosity = thicker blood)
- Example: Polycythemia may have Hct of 60-70%
Types of Blood Cells
- Erythrocytes [RBCs) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Transport O2
- Small disc shape
- Lifespan = 120 days
- Carry Hgb [ferrous oxide, also an acid/base buffer)
- Made in the bone marrow - Iliac crest for sample in leukemia
[after age 20 in the vertebrae, sternum, ribs, iliac)
- Hgb Levels: 14-16g/dL in males / 12-14g/dl females
Cytic vs Chromic - CORRECT ANSWER -Cytic = Size of RBCs
Chromic = Amount of Hgb
MCV and MCHC - CORRECT ANSWER -MCV: Mean corpuscular volume - [average size rbc]
,MCHC: normal Mean corpuscular Hgb concentration - [average amount of hemoglobin in the
RBCs compared to the average size of the RBCs. The amount of hemoglobin that was there
Morphology Size or Erythrocyte Volume Cytic Values - CORRECT ANSWER -- Normocytic: Normal
RBC size
[MCV = 83-99)
- Microcytic: Small RBC size
[MCV = 50-82)
- Macrocytic: Large RBC size
[MCV is > 100)
Chromic Values
[Hgb content) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Normochromic: Normal amount of Hgb [MCHC -Average
amount of hemoglobin in the RBCs compared to the average size of the RBCs.
[MCHC = 32-36)
- Hypochromic: Low amount of Hgb
[MCHC is < 32)
- Hyperchromic: Increased amount of Hgb
[MCHC is > 36)
Leukocytes
[WBCs) - CORRECT ANSWER -- Defend the body against foreign proteins
- Made in the bone marrow
- 9,000/mm^3
- CBC w/ Diff shows: Leukocytes broken down into:
Neutrophils, Basophils, PMNs [polymorphonulcear), Bands
,Bands - {Infective process - CORRECT ANSWER --Immature Leukocytes
- Indicate an infective process
- Increase in bands = 12 to 20 or more = shift to the left indicating a bacterial infection
- If bands are not increased it is a shift to the right and a viral infection
Alterations of Leukocytes
Quantitative:
1. Bone marrow dysfunction
2. Premature destruction of cells
a. May originate in lymphoid organs secondary to infectious process - CORRECT ANSWER -
Leukocytosis equals increase WBC's
Leukopenia Equals decreased wbc's
Types of Leukocytes:
- Granular - CORRECT ANSWER -- Categorized according to the presence or absence of granules
in the cell cytoplasm
- *Granular Leukocytes*:
- PMNs - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes[2 or more lobes to the granular site)
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils - Allergic reaction or parasites
- Basophils
Types of Leukocytes:
- Non-granular - CORRECT ANSWER -*Non-granular* Leukocytes :
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
, - platelets or thrombocytes
WBC Morphology/Fx
[Shape and function] - CORRECT ANSWER -- Total WBC count increases with infection
- As % of 1 increases, the %s of the others will decrease
[shift in %) = Shift to the left or shift to the right
- Bands = immature neutrophils aka stabs
[German for rods due to shape)
WBC Morphology/Fx - CORRECT ANSWER -- Bands being immature with infection there is an
increase in production
= shift to the left
- Neutrophils = segs or polys = mature polymorphonuclearcytes and segmented
WBC's and bands - CORRECT ANSWER -Should tell you right away that when you have an
infection and the WBCs are called on to replicate and attend to this infection, that the faster
they do it the more immature cells they have so the more bands produced.
How to tell if an infection is viral or bacterial?
- If there is a shift to the left [increase in bands) it is bacterial - CORRECT ANSWER -- This is
because of the way the differential used to be displayed [Shift to the left then you would see the
WBCs going up, the bands going up, the neutrophils or segs rising as well and the other
percentages going down [lymphocytes and monocytes in particular]
Response to infections - CORRECT ANSWER -- Neutrophils are released
