Nurs 239 Exam 2025 With 100%
Correct Answers
Signs and Symptoms of Hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔irritability, lethargy, shallow
respirations, increased urine output, hypertension, decreased bowel sounds, constipation,
confusion, diminished lung sounds, muscle weakness, lowered reflexes, decreased cardiac
muscles, EKG shows- U Wave
Nursing interventions for hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔watch monitors
replace SLOWLY, Oral or IVPB, NEVER PUSH
Signs and symptoms for hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔N/V, Agitation, muscle spasms,
twitching, muscle weakness, seizures, shallow respirations, decreased urine output,
hypotension, EKG shows tall tented T waves-can lead to v-tach, prolonged PR, widen QRS
Treatment for hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔regular insulin with D50
Kayexalate = POOP
Ca gluconate- use only in emergency
if nothing else works, DIALYSIS
Hypomagnesemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-EKG = TORSADE (multi focal v-tach)
-HTN
-treatment = CPR and Mag
Inverse relationships - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Ca and Phosphate
- if Phosphate is high, give Ca
, Lactulose - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- POOP
-Normal ammonia = 15-45
- Will enter through blood brain barrier and then cause confusion
- Hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatorenal Syndrome prevention - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- watch for hypotension
-liver failure causes kidney failure
-vasocontriction to kidneys, decrease in O2, ischemia, renal failure
-NOTHING WRONG with kidneys
- Treatment = CRRT
Super high K+, Can you wait three hours for dialysis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔NO, this will lead
to cardiac arrest
with ascites - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-caused by portal HTN
-caused by low albumin
-Tx = spironolactone, Lasix, Thiamine, Folate, Vitamin B friends, Antacid, Protonix, Paracentesis-
make them pee first
CT scan with contrast - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- NO metformin
-Intrinsic damage: ATN (exo: drugs)
-Tx = lots of fluids
AKI classifications - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔post renal = kidney stones, foley kinked, prostate,
ovarian, bladder, hydronephrosis
pre renal = hepatorenal syndrome, CHF, Sepsis, Shock, HTN, NO RAAS system working
Correct Answers
Signs and Symptoms of Hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔irritability, lethargy, shallow
respirations, increased urine output, hypertension, decreased bowel sounds, constipation,
confusion, diminished lung sounds, muscle weakness, lowered reflexes, decreased cardiac
muscles, EKG shows- U Wave
Nursing interventions for hypokalemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔watch monitors
replace SLOWLY, Oral or IVPB, NEVER PUSH
Signs and symptoms for hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔N/V, Agitation, muscle spasms,
twitching, muscle weakness, seizures, shallow respirations, decreased urine output,
hypotension, EKG shows tall tented T waves-can lead to v-tach, prolonged PR, widen QRS
Treatment for hyperkalemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔regular insulin with D50
Kayexalate = POOP
Ca gluconate- use only in emergency
if nothing else works, DIALYSIS
Hypomagnesemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-EKG = TORSADE (multi focal v-tach)
-HTN
-treatment = CPR and Mag
Inverse relationships - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Ca and Phosphate
- if Phosphate is high, give Ca
, Lactulose - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- POOP
-Normal ammonia = 15-45
- Will enter through blood brain barrier and then cause confusion
- Hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatorenal Syndrome prevention - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- watch for hypotension
-liver failure causes kidney failure
-vasocontriction to kidneys, decrease in O2, ischemia, renal failure
-NOTHING WRONG with kidneys
- Treatment = CRRT
Super high K+, Can you wait three hours for dialysis? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔NO, this will lead
to cardiac arrest
with ascites - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-caused by portal HTN
-caused by low albumin
-Tx = spironolactone, Lasix, Thiamine, Folate, Vitamin B friends, Antacid, Protonix, Paracentesis-
make them pee first
CT scan with contrast - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- NO metformin
-Intrinsic damage: ATN (exo: drugs)
-Tx = lots of fluids
AKI classifications - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔post renal = kidney stones, foley kinked, prostate,
ovarian, bladder, hydronephrosis
pre renal = hepatorenal syndrome, CHF, Sepsis, Shock, HTN, NO RAAS system working
