NU674 EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Recommendations for when to start statins - ANS 1. ASCVD diagnosed
2. LDL above 190
3. diabetes, between 40-75 years, LDL between 70 and 189
4. between 40-75, LDL between 70-189 and greater than 7.5% risk of ASCVD
HMGCoA Reductase - ANS inhibit enzyme needed for cholesterol synthesis- decreased
circulating LDL in bloodstream
High intensity statins - ANS will reduce LDL by 50%; atorvastatin 40 and 80 mg; rosuvastatin
20 and 40 mg
Moderate intensity statins - ANS reduce LDL 30-50%; Atorvastatin 10-20mg
Rosuvastatin 5-10mg
Simvastatin 20-40mg
Pravastatin 40-80mg
Low intensity statins - ANS decrease LDL less than 30%; Simvastatin 10 mg
Pravastatin 10-20 mg
Zetia - ANS cholesterol absorption inhibitor that works in small intestine; significantly
reduced LDL compared to statin alone
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, contraindications to statin - ANS renal insufficiency/hepatic impairment; history of statin
intolerance- myalgia, need CK level
baseline labs prior to statin - ANS baseline fasting lipid profile; baseline LFT- severe liver
damage uncommon
acute coronary syndrome - ANS chest pain radiates to upper extremities; dyspnea, fatigue,
nausea, palpitations; EKG- ST depression, T wave inversion, ST elevation
aortic dissection - ANS severe chest and back pain; tearing sensation; usually men 60s-70s
pulmonary embolism - ANS pleuritic chest discomfort; tachycardia/tachypnea; risk- travelers,
clotting disorders; look for edema
P wave - ANS atrial depolarization
QRS complex - ANS ventricular depolarization
T wave - ANS ventricular repolarization
atrial fibrillation - ANS absence of P waves on EKG
right bundle branch block - ANS usually asymptomatic; from COPD, sleep apnea, pulmonary
hypertension
left bundle branch block - ANS absence of Q waves in lateral leads; clinical- syncope,
myocardial fibrosis
counting EKG - ANS large boxes- 300 divided by number; small- 1500 divided by number of
boxes
2 Copyright ©2025 FYNDLAY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
ANSWERS
Recommendations for when to start statins - ANS 1. ASCVD diagnosed
2. LDL above 190
3. diabetes, between 40-75 years, LDL between 70 and 189
4. between 40-75, LDL between 70-189 and greater than 7.5% risk of ASCVD
HMGCoA Reductase - ANS inhibit enzyme needed for cholesterol synthesis- decreased
circulating LDL in bloodstream
High intensity statins - ANS will reduce LDL by 50%; atorvastatin 40 and 80 mg; rosuvastatin
20 and 40 mg
Moderate intensity statins - ANS reduce LDL 30-50%; Atorvastatin 10-20mg
Rosuvastatin 5-10mg
Simvastatin 20-40mg
Pravastatin 40-80mg
Low intensity statins - ANS decrease LDL less than 30%; Simvastatin 10 mg
Pravastatin 10-20 mg
Zetia - ANS cholesterol absorption inhibitor that works in small intestine; significantly
reduced LDL compared to statin alone
1 Copyright ©2025 FYNDLAY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
, contraindications to statin - ANS renal insufficiency/hepatic impairment; history of statin
intolerance- myalgia, need CK level
baseline labs prior to statin - ANS baseline fasting lipid profile; baseline LFT- severe liver
damage uncommon
acute coronary syndrome - ANS chest pain radiates to upper extremities; dyspnea, fatigue,
nausea, palpitations; EKG- ST depression, T wave inversion, ST elevation
aortic dissection - ANS severe chest and back pain; tearing sensation; usually men 60s-70s
pulmonary embolism - ANS pleuritic chest discomfort; tachycardia/tachypnea; risk- travelers,
clotting disorders; look for edema
P wave - ANS atrial depolarization
QRS complex - ANS ventricular depolarization
T wave - ANS ventricular repolarization
atrial fibrillation - ANS absence of P waves on EKG
right bundle branch block - ANS usually asymptomatic; from COPD, sleep apnea, pulmonary
hypertension
left bundle branch block - ANS absence of Q waves in lateral leads; clinical- syncope,
myocardial fibrosis
counting EKG - ANS large boxes- 300 divided by number; small- 1500 divided by number of
boxes
2 Copyright ©2025 FYNDLAY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
