, Solution manual for Anesthesia, Analgesia, and
Pain Management for Veterinary Technicians, 1st
Edition Janet Amundson Romich
Notes
1- All Chapters are step by step.
2- We have shown you 10 pages.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many new
editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
Our website:
testbanks-store.com
, Solution and Answer Guide: Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anesthesia
Solution and Answer Guide
Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anesthesia
Table of Contents
Review Questions Multiple Choice Answers ......................................................................................................... 1
Case Study Solutions ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Case 1-1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Critical Thinking Questions Solutions...................................................................................................................... 4
Review Questions Multiple Choice Answers
1. What is the correct definition of the term sedation?
a. A drug-induced reversible state of unconsciousness and loss of sensation
b. The state characterized by CNS depression accompanied by
sleepiness/drowsiness and some degree of relaxation
c. A drug-induced state of calm in which anxiety is relieved the patient is relaxed
but remains aware of surroundings
d. The loss of sensation in a discrete area of the body caused by the administration
of a local anesthetic agent
Answer: b
2. What is the correct definition of the term tranquilization?
a. A drug-induced reversible sate of unconsciousness and loss of sensation
b. A drug-induced CNS depression and drowsiness in which the patient is generally
unaware of surroundings but will respond to painful stimuli
c. The administration of any of a group of compounds that calm and relax an
anxious patient but do not induce sleep
d. The loss of sensation in a discrete area of the body caused by the administration
of a local anesthetic agent
Answer: c
3. What do the letters ACVAA stand for?
a. American Congress for Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia
b. Association Certification in Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia
c. American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia
d. American Congress for Veterinary Analgesia and Anesthesia
Answer: c
© 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 1
website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide: Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anesthesia
4. The Academy of Veterinary Technicians in Anesthesia petitioned which veterinary
technician organization in 1998 for recognition as the certifying body for veterinary
technician specialists in anesthesia?
a. Veterinary Support Personnel Network
b. National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America-Committee on
Veterinary Technician Specialties
c. VetMedTeam-Anesthesia Technicians
d. Veterinary Anaesthesia School for Technicians
Answer: b
5. Which two organizations write anesthesia guidelines?
a. AVMA and AAHA
b. AVMA and NAVTA
c. IVAPM and ACVAA
d. IVECCS and IVAPM
Answer: a
6. The job of working in veterinary anesthesia entails
a. monitoring and recovering the anesthesia patient, caring for all anesthetic
equipment, and administering certain medications.
b. preparing and monitoring surgical patients, autoclaving surgical equipment, and
discharging patients after they recover from anesthesia.
c. monitoring and recovering the anesthesia patient, deciding which medications to
administer, and preparing surgical summary reports.
d. deciding which medications to administer, recording vital signs of the patient
while under anesthesia, and disinfecting surgical equipment.
Answer: a
7. Why is it important to have anesthetic equipment calibrated regularly?
a. Without calibration there is no guarantee that everyone has been properly
trained in the use of anesthesia equipment.
b. Without calibration the equipment will require extensive repairs the next time it is
serviced.
c. Without calibration unqualified veterinary staff may manually alter the anesthetic
level.
d. Without calibration the equipment may give incorrect readings and/or operate
incorrectly.
Answer: d
8. What does ASA stand for?
a. Anesthetic Society of Anesthetists
b. Association for Safe Anesthesia
c. American Society of Anesthesiologists
© 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 2
website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide: Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anesthesia
d. Anesthesia Safety for Animals
Answer: c
9. What does balanced anesthesia mean?
a. Anesthetic drugs are weighed on a scale before being administered to the patient
because many drugs are administered during the anesthetic event
b. General anesthesia produced by administering several drugs with the goal of
utilizing each drug’s positive actions while avoiding potential adverse effects
associated with large doses of a single drug
c. Anesthesia produced by introducing anesthetic agent into the rectum in an
attempt to use varying administration routes
d. General inhalation anesthesia in which there is no rebreathing of the expired
gases
Answer: b
10. What does the term analgesia mean?
a. Relief of pain without loss of consciousness; absence of pain or noxious
stimulation
b. Injection of an agent into the spinal canal, generally either into the subarachnoid
or epidural space
c. A substance used for the control of excessive reaction to or overdosing with a
narcotic
d. The combining of pain-relieving agents that act on different mechanisms of
nociceptive modulation to enhance additive and synergistic effects
Answer: a
11. To perform ocular procedures, such as corneal foreign body removal, proparacaine drops
are applied to desensitize the cornea. Which type of anesthesia does this describe?
a. Regional
b. Surgical
c. Local
d. Dissociative
Answer: c
12. By which routes is general anesthesia most commonly administered?
a. Intravenously, intramuscularly, and subcutaneously
b. Intravenously, subcutaneously, and intraperitoneally
c. Inhalation, intramuscularly, and intraperitoneally
d. Inhalation, intravenously, and intramuscularly
Answer: d
13. A dog is given anesthetic agents and becomes unconscious and does not have any pain
perception. Which type of anesthesia does this describe?
© 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 3
website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide: Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anesthesia
a. Dissociative
b. General
c. Regional
d. Local
Answer: b
14. A sedated horse is given a maxillary nerve block in order to perform dental work on the
upper incisors. Which type of anesthesia is a nerve block?
a. General
b. Regional
c. Dissociative
d. Tranquilization
Answer: b
15. Which organization offers the Certified Veterinary Pain Practitioner for veterinarians and
veterinary technicians?
a. AVMA
b. IVAPM
c. AAHA
d. NAVAS
Answer: b
Case Study Solutions
Case 1-1
You have accepted a position at a small animal veterinary hospital. One of your duties according
to your job description will be to work on surgical cases assisting with anesthesia. List your top
four responsibilities in assisting with anesthesia.
Solution
1. Preparing, operating, and maintaining anesthetic equipment
2. Administering anesthetic drugs under the veterinarian’s direction
3. Monitoring the patient
4. Recovering the patient
Critical Thinking Questions Solutions
1. Jada is a veterinary technician student who has done well in her previous courses, yet is
anxious about taking the anesthesia course because it is one of the more advanced
courses in her program. To be successful, she knows she will need to utilize information
and skills she learned in previous courses and apply it, along with content she is currently
learning, to perform advanced skills such as administering anesthesia to patients. As she
reads the introductory chapter to prepare for her anesthesia class, she begins to feel
© 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 4
website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide: Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anesthesia
overwhelmed with the amount of information she will need to learn in order to become
a competent anesthetist. Jada texts one of her classmates to ask if she is the only one
stressed about taking the anesthesia course. Jada learns that many other students are
also concerned about whether they will be able to learn all of the information needed to
administer anesthesia safely to their patients. Jada and her classmates decide to have a
group chat about how they can be better prepared for their anesthesia class and less
anxious when they have to perform anesthesia on patients. What are some things Jada
and her classmates can do now to help them prepare for their anesthesia class?
Solution
Ways Jada and her classmates can start preparing for their anesthesia course include the
following:
• Committing normal values to memory will allow them to differentiate, in both awake
and anesthetized animals, if a particular value is normal or abnormal. Without this
knowledge, they will not know if they need to make adjustments to the level of
anesthetic agent given to their patients. Memorizing the vital sign values in Appendix
K is a good place to start.
• Concentrating on changes in anesthetized patients requires being a good observer
and a detail-oriented person. Reminding classmates to be precise when learning
anesthesia terminology will help them become more detail-oriented in their
approach to becoming competent anesthetists. Holding each other to high standards
of learning and how each of them works with and cares for veterinary patients will
help them all through their anesthesia course.
• Communicating concerns to the veterinarian is important for the patient’s health and
safety; therefore, all professionals involved with anesthesia need to know the status
of the patient at all times. Students should know the status of their patient before
they administer any drug which means they need to be proficient at performing
physical examinations in their patients. Reviewing how to perform a detailed patient
evaluation in Appendix E (Patient Evaluation) is another good idea for Jenna and her
classmates.
• Contemplating the mechanisms of action of anesthetic and analgesic drugs impacts
their patients; therefore, they will need to review content learned in their
pharmacology course. They need to know how a drug works in the species being
anesthetized, at which point in the anesthetic protocol it is administered, and its
benefits and risks to the patient. The students should review which study techniques
worked for them when they were learning pharmacology and discuss ways they can
work together to learn about anesthetic and analgesic drugs. They can look ahead to
Chapter 5 (Anesthetic and Analgesic Pharmacology) to identify if they already have
study material from their pharmacology class that they can use to study for their
anesthesia course
• Calculating drug doses and fluid rates accurately is a skill needed by anesthetists
because they need to anticipate supplies needed to administer drugs and their
calculations serve as a check-and-balance system among professionals. Performing
calculations accurately the first time saves both time and reduces stress during
© 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 5
website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide: Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anesthesia
anesthesia. Reviewing how to perform drug calculations and basic math concepts in
Appendix H is important to do early in their anesthesia course.
• Considering the limitations of the equipment is important so that students do not
rely solely on instruments and technology instead of critically thinking about what
the values represent and what the patient looks like. Being confident in the data
obtained in the patient’s physical examination and collected while they are under
anesthesia is essential; therefore, reviewing Appendix E (Patient Evaluation) and
Appendix K (Normal Vital Signs) is important for students at the beginning of their
anesthesia course. The monitoring guidelines in Appendix A and B should be
reviewed so that the students know what parameters are important to monitor which
will help them determine if they need further review on any of these techniques.
• Caring for and fully understanding how anesthesia equipment works allows students
to deliver anesthesia and prevent errors in the machine set-up or the inappropriate
use of equipment. Anesthesia machines and equipment need regular maintenance
and calibration in order to work properly. Reviewing Appendix D (Anesthetic
Equipment Maintenance and Cleaning) will emphasize the importance of being
knowledgeable about equipment use and maintenance.
• Continuing to expand their knowledge base is important for students to recognize.
They need to stay inquisitive and to learn from their successes, and sometime
failures. They should remind themselves to keep a positive attitude so they can
continue to learn new content and improve their skills. A neutral or bad attitude
could negatively impact their learning by slowing the rate by which they learn, or it
may decrease their retention of information. In a field in which patient’s life depends
on the competence of veterinary professionals, it is important for the students to
make sure they are fully prepared to administer anesthesia.
2. A client calls the clinic to make an appointment to have her cat spayed. As the veterinary
technician responsible for admitting surgical/anesthesia cases, you begin to explain the
drop off procedure for the surgery day (i.e., signing the informed consent form and
describing the risks involved with anesthesia to the client). The client tells you that she is
usually in a hurry in the morning and needs to “simply drop off the cat to be put to sleep
so she can get spayed”. How can you quickly educate the client about the process of
anesthetizing this cat using professional language that is also clear to the client?
Solution
Since the owner is usually in a hurry in the morning, it would be a good idea to explain
the risks involved with anesthesia while she is on the phone. Taking a few minutes now
to educate the client is worthwhile. The veterinary technician should explain to the
owner that generally the term “put to sleep” means euthanizing the patient. While the
owner is on the phone, the veterinary technician could explain how animals are
anesthetized and the risks involved with anesthesia and surgery so she understands
getting an animal spayed should not be taken lightly. Because an ovariohysterectomy is
comparable to a woman having a hysterectomy and additionally having her ovaries
removed, a spay is a major surgery. Offering to send a brochure or handout with
appropriate anesthesia terms and the risks involved with anesthesia is one way to
© 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 6
website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide: Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anesthesia
educate the client about the procedure and risks involved. Since she can read this
information at her convenience, she is more likely to understand the material than if it is
explained while she is preoccupied or in a rush. While the client is on the phone, it is also
a good opportunity to review when to remove food and water access prior to surgery.
When the owner drops off the cat on the day of surgery, the veterinary technician can
state that he/she realizes the owner needs to leave quickly, but that anesthesia is a
significant physiologic stress and has potential risks including death. The owner should
be asked if she read the brochure/handout, if she has any questions, and she can then
sign the forms to complete the admission process. Lastly, the owner should be told when
she can pick up the patient and be given written instructions in addition to having the
veterinary technician review the procedure with the owner to let them know when to
return for the postoperative checkup.
© 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 7
website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide: Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 2: The Anesthesia Machine
Solution and Answer Guide
Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 2: The Anesthesia Machine
Table of Contents
Review Questions Multiple Choice Answers ......................................................................................................... 1
Case Study Solutions ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Case 2-1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Case 2-2 ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Case 2-3 ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Case 2-4 ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Case 2-5 ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Critical Thinking Questions Solutions...................................................................................................................... 8
Review Questions Multiple Choice Answers
1. Which machine component is part of the high-pressure system?
a. Flowmeter
b. Oxygen flush valve
c. Pressure regulator
d. Scavenging system
Answer: c
2. How is the reservoir bag size determined?
a. Based on the patient’s lean body weight because excess subcutaneous fat can
impede inspiratory volume
b. Multiplying 5 × tidal volume (10–15 mL/kg) and choosing that size or the next
largest size bag available
c. By estimating lung capacity based on chest circumference and body weight
d. By animal species and multiplying the weight by two-thirds
Answer: b
3. Which component is part of the low-pressure system?
a. Piping from oxygen tank to machine
b. Channel from the vaporizer to the common gas outlet
c. Oxygen drops from the ceiling
d. Piping from pressure regulator to oxygen flush valve
Answer: b
© 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 1
website, in whole or in part.
Pain Management for Veterinary Technicians, 1st
Edition Janet Amundson Romich
Notes
1- All Chapters are step by step.
2- We have shown you 10 pages.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel
sheet if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make
update at every time. There are many new
editions waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file
You can contact us at every time, we can
replace it with true one.
Our email:
Our website:
testbanks-store.com
, Solution and Answer Guide: Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anesthesia
Solution and Answer Guide
Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anesthesia
Table of Contents
Review Questions Multiple Choice Answers ......................................................................................................... 1
Case Study Solutions ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Case 1-1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Critical Thinking Questions Solutions...................................................................................................................... 4
Review Questions Multiple Choice Answers
1. What is the correct definition of the term sedation?
a. A drug-induced reversible state of unconsciousness and loss of sensation
b. The state characterized by CNS depression accompanied by
sleepiness/drowsiness and some degree of relaxation
c. A drug-induced state of calm in which anxiety is relieved the patient is relaxed
but remains aware of surroundings
d. The loss of sensation in a discrete area of the body caused by the administration
of a local anesthetic agent
Answer: b
2. What is the correct definition of the term tranquilization?
a. A drug-induced reversible sate of unconsciousness and loss of sensation
b. A drug-induced CNS depression and drowsiness in which the patient is generally
unaware of surroundings but will respond to painful stimuli
c. The administration of any of a group of compounds that calm and relax an
anxious patient but do not induce sleep
d. The loss of sensation in a discrete area of the body caused by the administration
of a local anesthetic agent
Answer: c
3. What do the letters ACVAA stand for?
a. American Congress for Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia
b. Association Certification in Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia
c. American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia
d. American Congress for Veterinary Analgesia and Anesthesia
Answer: c
© 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 1
website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide: Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anesthesia
4. The Academy of Veterinary Technicians in Anesthesia petitioned which veterinary
technician organization in 1998 for recognition as the certifying body for veterinary
technician specialists in anesthesia?
a. Veterinary Support Personnel Network
b. National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America-Committee on
Veterinary Technician Specialties
c. VetMedTeam-Anesthesia Technicians
d. Veterinary Anaesthesia School for Technicians
Answer: b
5. Which two organizations write anesthesia guidelines?
a. AVMA and AAHA
b. AVMA and NAVTA
c. IVAPM and ACVAA
d. IVECCS and IVAPM
Answer: a
6. The job of working in veterinary anesthesia entails
a. monitoring and recovering the anesthesia patient, caring for all anesthetic
equipment, and administering certain medications.
b. preparing and monitoring surgical patients, autoclaving surgical equipment, and
discharging patients after they recover from anesthesia.
c. monitoring and recovering the anesthesia patient, deciding which medications to
administer, and preparing surgical summary reports.
d. deciding which medications to administer, recording vital signs of the patient
while under anesthesia, and disinfecting surgical equipment.
Answer: a
7. Why is it important to have anesthetic equipment calibrated regularly?
a. Without calibration there is no guarantee that everyone has been properly
trained in the use of anesthesia equipment.
b. Without calibration the equipment will require extensive repairs the next time it is
serviced.
c. Without calibration unqualified veterinary staff may manually alter the anesthetic
level.
d. Without calibration the equipment may give incorrect readings and/or operate
incorrectly.
Answer: d
8. What does ASA stand for?
a. Anesthetic Society of Anesthetists
b. Association for Safe Anesthesia
c. American Society of Anesthesiologists
© 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 2
website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide: Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anesthesia
d. Anesthesia Safety for Animals
Answer: c
9. What does balanced anesthesia mean?
a. Anesthetic drugs are weighed on a scale before being administered to the patient
because many drugs are administered during the anesthetic event
b. General anesthesia produced by administering several drugs with the goal of
utilizing each drug’s positive actions while avoiding potential adverse effects
associated with large doses of a single drug
c. Anesthesia produced by introducing anesthetic agent into the rectum in an
attempt to use varying administration routes
d. General inhalation anesthesia in which there is no rebreathing of the expired
gases
Answer: b
10. What does the term analgesia mean?
a. Relief of pain without loss of consciousness; absence of pain or noxious
stimulation
b. Injection of an agent into the spinal canal, generally either into the subarachnoid
or epidural space
c. A substance used for the control of excessive reaction to or overdosing with a
narcotic
d. The combining of pain-relieving agents that act on different mechanisms of
nociceptive modulation to enhance additive and synergistic effects
Answer: a
11. To perform ocular procedures, such as corneal foreign body removal, proparacaine drops
are applied to desensitize the cornea. Which type of anesthesia does this describe?
a. Regional
b. Surgical
c. Local
d. Dissociative
Answer: c
12. By which routes is general anesthesia most commonly administered?
a. Intravenously, intramuscularly, and subcutaneously
b. Intravenously, subcutaneously, and intraperitoneally
c. Inhalation, intramuscularly, and intraperitoneally
d. Inhalation, intravenously, and intramuscularly
Answer: d
13. A dog is given anesthetic agents and becomes unconscious and does not have any pain
perception. Which type of anesthesia does this describe?
© 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 3
website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide: Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anesthesia
a. Dissociative
b. General
c. Regional
d. Local
Answer: b
14. A sedated horse is given a maxillary nerve block in order to perform dental work on the
upper incisors. Which type of anesthesia is a nerve block?
a. General
b. Regional
c. Dissociative
d. Tranquilization
Answer: b
15. Which organization offers the Certified Veterinary Pain Practitioner for veterinarians and
veterinary technicians?
a. AVMA
b. IVAPM
c. AAHA
d. NAVAS
Answer: b
Case Study Solutions
Case 1-1
You have accepted a position at a small animal veterinary hospital. One of your duties according
to your job description will be to work on surgical cases assisting with anesthesia. List your top
four responsibilities in assisting with anesthesia.
Solution
1. Preparing, operating, and maintaining anesthetic equipment
2. Administering anesthetic drugs under the veterinarian’s direction
3. Monitoring the patient
4. Recovering the patient
Critical Thinking Questions Solutions
1. Jada is a veterinary technician student who has done well in her previous courses, yet is
anxious about taking the anesthesia course because it is one of the more advanced
courses in her program. To be successful, she knows she will need to utilize information
and skills she learned in previous courses and apply it, along with content she is currently
learning, to perform advanced skills such as administering anesthesia to patients. As she
reads the introductory chapter to prepare for her anesthesia class, she begins to feel
© 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 4
website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide: Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anesthesia
overwhelmed with the amount of information she will need to learn in order to become
a competent anesthetist. Jada texts one of her classmates to ask if she is the only one
stressed about taking the anesthesia course. Jada learns that many other students are
also concerned about whether they will be able to learn all of the information needed to
administer anesthesia safely to their patients. Jada and her classmates decide to have a
group chat about how they can be better prepared for their anesthesia class and less
anxious when they have to perform anesthesia on patients. What are some things Jada
and her classmates can do now to help them prepare for their anesthesia class?
Solution
Ways Jada and her classmates can start preparing for their anesthesia course include the
following:
• Committing normal values to memory will allow them to differentiate, in both awake
and anesthetized animals, if a particular value is normal or abnormal. Without this
knowledge, they will not know if they need to make adjustments to the level of
anesthetic agent given to their patients. Memorizing the vital sign values in Appendix
K is a good place to start.
• Concentrating on changes in anesthetized patients requires being a good observer
and a detail-oriented person. Reminding classmates to be precise when learning
anesthesia terminology will help them become more detail-oriented in their
approach to becoming competent anesthetists. Holding each other to high standards
of learning and how each of them works with and cares for veterinary patients will
help them all through their anesthesia course.
• Communicating concerns to the veterinarian is important for the patient’s health and
safety; therefore, all professionals involved with anesthesia need to know the status
of the patient at all times. Students should know the status of their patient before
they administer any drug which means they need to be proficient at performing
physical examinations in their patients. Reviewing how to perform a detailed patient
evaluation in Appendix E (Patient Evaluation) is another good idea for Jenna and her
classmates.
• Contemplating the mechanisms of action of anesthetic and analgesic drugs impacts
their patients; therefore, they will need to review content learned in their
pharmacology course. They need to know how a drug works in the species being
anesthetized, at which point in the anesthetic protocol it is administered, and its
benefits and risks to the patient. The students should review which study techniques
worked for them when they were learning pharmacology and discuss ways they can
work together to learn about anesthetic and analgesic drugs. They can look ahead to
Chapter 5 (Anesthetic and Analgesic Pharmacology) to identify if they already have
study material from their pharmacology class that they can use to study for their
anesthesia course
• Calculating drug doses and fluid rates accurately is a skill needed by anesthetists
because they need to anticipate supplies needed to administer drugs and their
calculations serve as a check-and-balance system among professionals. Performing
calculations accurately the first time saves both time and reduces stress during
© 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 5
website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide: Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anesthesia
anesthesia. Reviewing how to perform drug calculations and basic math concepts in
Appendix H is important to do early in their anesthesia course.
• Considering the limitations of the equipment is important so that students do not
rely solely on instruments and technology instead of critically thinking about what
the values represent and what the patient looks like. Being confident in the data
obtained in the patient’s physical examination and collected while they are under
anesthesia is essential; therefore, reviewing Appendix E (Patient Evaluation) and
Appendix K (Normal Vital Signs) is important for students at the beginning of their
anesthesia course. The monitoring guidelines in Appendix A and B should be
reviewed so that the students know what parameters are important to monitor which
will help them determine if they need further review on any of these techniques.
• Caring for and fully understanding how anesthesia equipment works allows students
to deliver anesthesia and prevent errors in the machine set-up or the inappropriate
use of equipment. Anesthesia machines and equipment need regular maintenance
and calibration in order to work properly. Reviewing Appendix D (Anesthetic
Equipment Maintenance and Cleaning) will emphasize the importance of being
knowledgeable about equipment use and maintenance.
• Continuing to expand their knowledge base is important for students to recognize.
They need to stay inquisitive and to learn from their successes, and sometime
failures. They should remind themselves to keep a positive attitude so they can
continue to learn new content and improve their skills. A neutral or bad attitude
could negatively impact their learning by slowing the rate by which they learn, or it
may decrease their retention of information. In a field in which patient’s life depends
on the competence of veterinary professionals, it is important for the students to
make sure they are fully prepared to administer anesthesia.
2. A client calls the clinic to make an appointment to have her cat spayed. As the veterinary
technician responsible for admitting surgical/anesthesia cases, you begin to explain the
drop off procedure for the surgery day (i.e., signing the informed consent form and
describing the risks involved with anesthesia to the client). The client tells you that she is
usually in a hurry in the morning and needs to “simply drop off the cat to be put to sleep
so she can get spayed”. How can you quickly educate the client about the process of
anesthetizing this cat using professional language that is also clear to the client?
Solution
Since the owner is usually in a hurry in the morning, it would be a good idea to explain
the risks involved with anesthesia while she is on the phone. Taking a few minutes now
to educate the client is worthwhile. The veterinary technician should explain to the
owner that generally the term “put to sleep” means euthanizing the patient. While the
owner is on the phone, the veterinary technician could explain how animals are
anesthetized and the risks involved with anesthesia and surgery so she understands
getting an animal spayed should not be taken lightly. Because an ovariohysterectomy is
comparable to a woman having a hysterectomy and additionally having her ovaries
removed, a spay is a major surgery. Offering to send a brochure or handout with
appropriate anesthesia terms and the risks involved with anesthesia is one way to
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website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide: Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 1: Introduction to Anesthesia
educate the client about the procedure and risks involved. Since she can read this
information at her convenience, she is more likely to understand the material than if it is
explained while she is preoccupied or in a rush. While the client is on the phone, it is also
a good opportunity to review when to remove food and water access prior to surgery.
When the owner drops off the cat on the day of surgery, the veterinary technician can
state that he/she realizes the owner needs to leave quickly, but that anesthesia is a
significant physiologic stress and has potential risks including death. The owner should
be asked if she read the brochure/handout, if she has any questions, and she can then
sign the forms to complete the admission process. Lastly, the owner should be told when
she can pick up the patient and be given written instructions in addition to having the
veterinary technician review the procedure with the owner to let them know when to
return for the postoperative checkup.
© 2022 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 7
website, in whole or in part.
, Solution and Answer Guide: Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 2: The Anesthesia Machine
Solution and Answer Guide
Romich, Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Pain Management 2022, ISBN 9781285737409;
Chapter 2: The Anesthesia Machine
Table of Contents
Review Questions Multiple Choice Answers ......................................................................................................... 1
Case Study Solutions ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Case 2-1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Case 2-2 ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Case 2-3 ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Case 2-4 ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Case 2-5 ..................................................................................................................................................... 7
Critical Thinking Questions Solutions...................................................................................................................... 8
Review Questions Multiple Choice Answers
1. Which machine component is part of the high-pressure system?
a. Flowmeter
b. Oxygen flush valve
c. Pressure regulator
d. Scavenging system
Answer: c
2. How is the reservoir bag size determined?
a. Based on the patient’s lean body weight because excess subcutaneous fat can
impede inspiratory volume
b. Multiplying 5 × tidal volume (10–15 mL/kg) and choosing that size or the next
largest size bag available
c. By estimating lung capacity based on chest circumference and body weight
d. By animal species and multiplying the weight by two-thirds
Answer: b
3. Which component is part of the low-pressure system?
a. Piping from oxygen tank to machine
b. Channel from the vaporizer to the common gas outlet
c. Oxygen drops from the ceiling
d. Piping from pressure regulator to oxygen flush valve
Answer: b
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website, in whole or in part.
